**Background:** The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of digital health technologies globally, including in Indonesia—the world's fourth-most populous nation and Southeast Asia's most populous country. Indonesia had previously faced outbreaks of measles, SARS, MERS, H5N1, and H1N1, which challenged health care systems. The pandemic created a global emergency requiring coordinated collaboration across multiple parties. This study aimed to identify and review the use of digital health technologies for COVID-19 detection and response management in Indonesia.
**Methods:** The authors conducted a systematic literature search using OVID Embase, OVID Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar from September 2020 to August 2022, using terms including "digital," "technology," "robotic," "tracing," "dashboard," "telemedicine" combined with "COVID-19" and "Indonesia." Manual searches of regional and national official announcements, press releases, and published data were also conducted. Inclusion criteria were usage/practice related to COVID-19 pandemic detection and response in Indonesia and the use of digital technology directly related to pandemic needs. Two authors independently reviewed manuscripts, with confirmation by a third author, following PRISMA guidelines. For thematic validation, the authors interviewed 10 individuals from key stakeholder organizations (Ministry of Health, COVID-19 National Taskforce, Telkom Indonesia, Indonesian Red Cross, and DKI Jakarta Local Government).
**Key Results:** After excluding duplicates, 319 papers were retrieved from 3 databases and 1 from gray literature. Of these, 22 (6.9%) met criteria for full-text review, and 8 (36.4%) studies describing digital technology use were finally identified. In total, 36 digital technologies supporting management aspects and 11 supporting treatment were identified. Among the 11 treatment-supporting technologies, 10 (90.9%) predated the pandemic with enhanced use during the pandemic, while 1 (9.1%) was launched during the pandemic. Nine robot innovation products were developed to support health workers treating hospitalized patients. Two health care data systems (SIRANAP and Blood Plasma Donor) were developed.
The technologies were classified into 3 groups: (1) Big data, AI, and machine learning—including 7 of 34 provinces (20.6%) developing independent websites/dashboards, the Bersatu Lawan COVID-19 (BLC) platform which from October 2020 to December 2021 facilitated more than 211.3 million health protocol compliance–monitoring reports, with 721.4 million people monitored and 165,537,934 locations under observation across all 514 districts/cities in 34 provinces, and 9 robotic innovations; (2) Health care system technologies—including 11 telemedicine mobile app partners of the Ministry of Health (with Halodoc reaching 20 million monthly active users and Alodokter approximately 18 million), and 4 health care data systems (SIRANAP, Blood Plasma Donor, NAR TC-19 which expanded to 936 COVID-19 laboratory networks across all 34 provinces by June 2022, and SILACAK for contact tracing); (3) COVID-19 screening and population treatment—including PeduliLindungi (downloaded by more than 90 million people), Corona Likelihood Metric (CLM), Fight Covid-19, Blue Pass, Electronic Health Alert Card (e-HAC), 10 Rumah Aman, provincial mobile apps (PIKOBAR, Sawarna, Papa Sulbar), and Mobile JKN.
**Clinical Implications:** The pandemic triggered the single-largest introduction of digital health technologies into the Indonesian health care ecosystem, with almost all technologies resulting from multisectoral coordination among government bodies, higher education institutions, research institutions, and the private sector. This creates a precedent for further multisectoral development of health care innovation with potential national rollout. However, challenges remain including data privacy concerns, technological disparity between urban and rural populations, digital literacy gaps, and the need for further multisectoral coordination and skilled human resources. The case of Indonesia may provide a blueprint for introducing digital health care technologies in other resource-limited settings.