Journal of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology · 7 authors, 4 centres
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Actinomycetes isolate BLH 5-14 from marine sediments in North Sulawesi, identified as *Streptomyces tendae*, produces pectinase and xylanase enzymes with high activity (1.44 U/mL and 4.33 U/mL, respectively). These enzymes can hydrolyze raw biomass to produce galacturonic acid and xylooligosaccharides, which have potential as prebiotics and in eco-friendly paper bleaching. The findings highlight a promising source of industrial enzymes from Indonesian marine biodiversity.
**Background:** Oligosaccharides such as pectic-oligosaccharides (POS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have prebiotic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Enzymatic production using pectinase and xylanase is preferred over chemical methods. Marine actinomycetes are a promising source of novel enzymes, but combined pectinase and xylanase production from marine isolates is underreported. This study characterizes pectinase and xylanase from *Streptomyces tendae* BLH 5-14 isolated from marine sediments of Sarena Kecil, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
**Methods:** The isolate was cultured in yeast-malt medium with 2% pectin or xylan substrate at 28°C, 190 rpm for 7 days. Enzyme activity was measured using the DNS method. Optimum pH was determined using buffers from pH 3.0 to 10.0, and optimum temperature from 30°C to 90°C. Effects of metal ions (5 mM) and chemical compounds (5%) were tested. Molecular weight was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and zymography. Hydrolysis products from commercial and biomass substrates (apple peel, orange peel, cacao peel, bagasse, palm kernel cake, corn cob, tobacco) were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The isolate was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing.
**Key Results:** Maximum pectinase activity was 1.44±0.08 U/mL on day 6, with optimum pH 8.0 (5.08±0.17 U/mL) and temperature 50°C (5.08±0.17 U/mL). Maximum xylanase activity was 4.33±0.03 U/mL on day 6, with optimum pH 6.0 (3.58±0.01 U/mL) and temperature 60°C (6.22±0.04 U/mL). Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺ (pectinase 0%, xylanase 11%) and SDS (0% for both). K⁺, Mn²⁺, and Fe²⁺ enhanced activity (e.g., Fe²⁺ increased pectinase to 209% and xylanase to 215%). Xylanase molecular weight was between 25 and 34.8 kDa. TLC showed pectinase produced galacturonic acid (P1) from apple and orange peel biomass within 1 hour. Xylanase produced xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), and xylopentaose (X5) from all substrates, with X3 depleting by 48 h. 16S rDNA identified the isolate as *Streptomyces tendae* (99.78% similarity).
**Clinical Implications:** The enzymes' activity over a wide pH (3.0-10.0) and temperature (30-70°C) range makes them suitable for eco-friendly paper bleaching, replacing chlorine and NaOH. The production of galacturonic acid and XOS from raw biomass (e.g., fruit peels, agricultural waste) offers a cost-effective source of prebiotics with potential anti-cancer and gut health benefits. Further research is needed to optimize production and purification for industrial and biomedical applications.