**Background:** Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, affecting approximately 15 million individuals annually. It is classified into hemorrhagic (10–20% of strokes, 40% of stroke-related deaths) and ischemic types. Current FDA-approved treatments include intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), endovascular thrombectomy, and thrombolytic agents, but these are time-sensitive and often require specialized equipment. The healthcare team—including emergency nurses, physicians, neurologists, radiologists, rehabilitation specialists, and social workers—plays a pivotal role in early recognition, triage, and coordinated care. Additionally, nanotechnology offers potential to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for more effective stroke therapy.
**Methods:** This is a narrative review that synthesizes existing literature on stroke management, focusing on the roles of the healthcare team and nanodrug delivery systems. The authors searched Scopus-indexed publications and used VOSviewer to map research trends. They reviewed studies on pre-hospital, in-hospital, and post-discharge care, as well as preclinical and clinical studies on nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (e.g., PLGA, PLA, PAMAM), and inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., iron oxide, gold, silica). Specific examples include tPA-loaded polyion complex nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles for targeted rtPA delivery, and neuroprotective agents like osteopontin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles and gallic acid-loaded o-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles.
**Key Results:** The review reports that a well-organized healthcare team improves thrombolysis rates and reduces disability and mortality. For instance, interactive emergency medical services training increased positive prediction value from 54.8% to 79.8% and reduced mortality. In Taiwan, close cooperation between emergency services and hospitals led to sooner thrombolytic therapy. In China, a multidisciplinary model in 145 base hospitals improved stroke care, though gaps remain compared to international standards. Regarding nanodrugs, tPA-loaded polyion complex nanoparticles extended half-life from 8.2 minutes (pristine tPA) to 72 minutes in mice. Magnetic nanoparticles (pPMNP-rtPA) retained fibrinolytic activity for extended periods without cytotoxicity. tPA-loaded liposomes (tPA-PEG-cRGD-lip) released over 90% of drug within 1 hour and achieved complete clot dissolution after 2 hours. Neuroprotective nanodrugs, such as gallic acid-loaded nanoparticles, reduced infarct size and neurological deficits in oxygen glucose deprivation models. Puerarin-loaded cationic liposomes showed chemotactic behavior and sustained release in inflammatory conditions. For infection, dendriplex vaccines protected 100% of mice against rabies virus challenge compared to 60% with unprepared vaccine.
**Clinical Implications:** The review emphasizes that integrating a specialized healthcare team across all stages of stroke care is essential for optimizing outcomes. Nanodrug delivery systems can overcome BBB limitations, improve drug half-life, and enable targeted release, potentially reducing side effects and enhancing efficacy. However, challenges remain, including complex synthesis, safety concerns, and high costs. Future directions include artificial intelligence for decision support, personalized medicine, and rigorous clinical trials to translate nanotherapies into practice.