RCT·obstetrics and gynecology, nutrition, endocrinology, pediatrics, clinical trial·PMC10616264
A nutritional supplement taken during preconception and pregnancy influences human milk macronutrients in women with overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus
Frontiers in Nutrition · 10 authors, 10 centres
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In this double-blind randomised controlled trial, a nutritional supplement taken preconceptionally and during pregnancy did not alter overall human milk macronutrient concentrations but modified the associations between maternal overweight/obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus and higher milk fat and energy observed in the control group.
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This double-blind randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a nutritional supplement taken from preconception through pregnancy on human milk macronutrient concentrations, stratified by maternal overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus status. Human milk samples were collected across seven time points from 1 week to 12 months in Singapore and New Zealand, with macronutrients measured using a MIRIS Human Milk Analyser and analysed via linear mixed models. Overall, human milk macronutrient concentrations did not differ between control and intervention groups. However, in the control group, overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus were associated with higher fat and energy concentrations over the first 3 months, associations not observed in the intervention group. Among mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, the intervention group had 10% lower fat and 6% lower energy than the control group. Longitudinal analyses from New Zealand showed fat and energy decreased in the first 6 months then increased to 12 months, lactose gradually declined, and crude protein decreased until 6 months.
