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other·preclinical research, biomedical research, antioxidants, neurology, infectious disease·PMC10054823

Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitory Effect, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Metabolomic Profiling, and an In Silico Study of Non-Polar Extract of The Halotolerant Marine Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum MZ945518

Microorganisms · 5 authors, 4 centres

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TL;DR

The extract exhibited antioxidant activity, scavenging DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 542.5 µg/mL, reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, and showing metal ion chelating ability.

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The extract exhibited antioxidant activity, scavenging DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 542.5 µg/mL, reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+, and showing metal ion chelating ability. It also inhibited acetylcholinesterase by 63% with an IC50 of 60.87 µg/mL.

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other

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preclinical research

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10054823

Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitory Effect, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Metabolomic Profiling, and an In Silico Study of Non-Polar Extract of The Halotolerant Marine Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum MZ945518

Microorganisms

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ABSTRACT

Major health issues, such as the rise in oxidative stress, incidences of Alzheimer’s disease, and infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes, have prompted researchers to look for new therapeutics. Microbial extracts are still a good source of novel compounds for biotechnological use. The objective of the current work was to investigate marine fungal bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Penicillium chrysogenum strain MZ945518 was isolated from the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. The fungus was halotolerant with a salt tolerance index of 1.3. The mycelial extract showed antifungal properties against Fusarium solani with an inhibitory percentage of 77.5 ± 0.3, followed by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum with percentages of 52 ± 0.0 and 40 ± 0.5, respectively. The extract also showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains using the agar diffusion technique. The fungal extract was significantly more effective with Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906 and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341; inhibition zones recorded 20 and 12 mm, respectively, compared with the antibiotic gentamycin, which recorded 12 and 10 mm, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the fungus extract revealed that it successfully scavenged DPPH free radicals and recorded an IC 50 of 542.5 µg/mL. Additionally, it was capable of reducing Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ and exhibiting chelating ability in the metal ion-chelating test. The fungal extract was identified as a crucial inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase with an inhibition percentage of 63% and an IC 50 value of 60.87 µg/mL. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 20 metabolites were detected. The most prevalent ones were (Z)-18-octadec-9-enolide and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, with ratios of 36.28 and 26.73%, respectively. An in silico study using molecular docking demonstrated interactions between the major metabolites and the target proteins, including: DNA Gyrase, glutathione S-transferase, and Acetylcholinesterase, confirming the extract’s antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Penicillium chrysogenum MZ945518 , a halotolerant strain, has promising bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities

CITATION EXPORT

Heba El-Sayed, Marwa A. Hamada, Ahmed A. Elhenawy et al.. Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitory Effect, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Metabolomic Profiling, and an In Silico Study of Non-Polar Extract of The Halotolerant Marine Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum MZ945518. Microorganisms. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030769

AUTHORS

5 · 4 CENTRES

Heba El-Sayed, Marwa A. Hamada, Ahmed A. Elhenawy, Hana Sonbol, Asmaa Abdelsalam

1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Art, Al Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Mukhwah, Al Baha 6531, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

EDITOR / REVIEWER

J.H. (Han) de Winde