Biomolecules · 4 authors, 3 centres
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This narrative review synthesizes literature from 2016 to 2023 on diagnostic biomarkers for Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE), covering serum, salivary, and tear analyses alongside emerging proteomic and exosomal approaches. The review highlights that current diagnostic methods lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, and that proteomic and exosomal biomarkers hold promise for more precise SSDE identification.
This narrative review examines the classification, pathophysiology, clinical features, complications, diagnosis, and management of Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE), with a focus on novel diagnostic biomarkers. The authors note that SSDE diagnosis can be delayed by as much as 6.5 years from symptom onset due to overlapping clinical presentations with non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye and limitations of current tools such as serum antibody testing, which often yields false negative results. The review synthesizes evidence on serum, salivary, and tear biomarker analyses, as well as emerging proteomic and exosomal diagnostic modalities. The authors conclude that while these molecular approaches show substantial promise, translational challenges must be addressed for clinical implementation.
