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TL;DR
Endophyte C.P-8 (P. azotoformans) showed strong antibacterial activity, while C.P-20 (B. velezensis) exhibited significant antifungal activity and produced multiple partially purified enzymes with characterized optimal conditions.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology · 12 authors, 14 centres
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Endophyte C.P-8 (P. azotoformans) showed strong antibacterial activity, while C.P-20 (B. velezensis) exhibited significant antifungal activity and produced multiple partially purified enzymes with characterized optimal conditions.
This preclinical laboratory study isolated endophytic microorganisms from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and evaluated their antimicrobial activity against seven human pathogens and their ability to produce exoenzymes. Using a plate-based antimicrobial assay, endophytes C.P-8 (Pseudomonas azotoformans), C.P-20 (Bacillus velezensis), and C.P-F-11 (Penicillium commune) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. C.P-8 showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 µg/ml against S. aureus and 500 µg/ml against B. subtilis. C.P-20 displayed very significant antifungal activity against A. niger but no detectable activity against C. albicans. Four exoenzymes from C.P-20 were partially purified: amylase, protease, chitinase, and cellulase, with molecular weights of 64, 64, 30, and 54 kDa respectively. Optimal activity for the partially purified enzymes occurred at pH 6–7 and temperatures of 40°C–45°C. Limitations include the in vitro design with no animal or human validation, and the antimicrobial metabolites remain unidentified. This is reported as the first study of C. pilosula root endophytes and their antimicrobial potential.