Foods · 10 authors, 3 centres
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This preclinical study compared the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of an ethanol extract from Engelhardia roxburghiana leaves (E-LERW) to its main component, astilbin, using in vitro assays and an alloxan-induced diabetic mouse model. The extract showed stronger antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro, and in vivo, it reduced hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and protected organs, though its hypoglycemic effect was similar to astilbin.
Diabetes is a major health concern, and natural plant extracts are being explored for their hypoglycemic potential. The leaves of Engelhardia roxburghiana (LERW) are used in traditional medicine and contain polyphenols like astilbin. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of an ethanol extract from LERW (E-LERW) with its main component, astilbin. Methods: The study used HPLC-MS/MS to identify components in E-LERW. Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and lipid membrane oxidation assays. α-Glucosidase inhibition was tested in vitro. In vivo, alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with E-LERW (150, 300, 600 mg/kg), astilbin (30 mg/kg), or metformin (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. Key Results: E-LERW showed significantly stronger antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50=0.46 mg/mL) than astilbin (IC50=1.12 mg/mL). In diabetic mice, E-LERW at medium dose (300 mg/kg) reduced fasting blood glucose by 16.64%, triglycerides by 12.87%, total cholesterol by 32.70%, and LDL by 22.99%. It also decreased food intake, water intake, and excretion, and increased insulin secretion by 494.52%. E-LERW was more effective than astilbin in reducing food/water consumption and protecting pancreatic islets and organs from damage. Limitations: The study is preclinical, using a mouse model, and does not directly assess human clinical outcomes. Implications: E-LERW may be a promising functional ingredient for adjuvant diabetes therapy, but further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.
