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narrative_review·preclinical research, biomedical research, pulmonology, nephrology, gastroenterology·PMC10826439

Antioxidant therapy against TGF‐β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 8 authors, 9 centres

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TL;DR

The review notes that antioxidant therapy is non-invasive and may target multiple fibrosis pathways, but its effectiveness and optimal dosing in human fibrotic diseases of varying etiologies remain unvalidated.

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narrative_review

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10826439

Antioxidant therapy against TGF‐β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Fibrosis refers to excessive build‐up of scar tissue and extracellular matrix components in different organs. In recent years, it has been revealed that different cytokines and chemokines, especially Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. It has been shown that TGF‐β is upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and contributes to fibrosis by mediating pathways that are related to matrix preservation and fibroblasts differentiation. There is no doubt that antioxidants protect against different inflammatory conditions by reversing the effects of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur‐based reactive elements. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on chronic inflammation, and as results, prolonged inflammation ultimately results in fibrosis. Different types of antioxidants, in the forms of vitamins, natural compounds or synthetic ones, have been proven to be beneficial in the protection against fibrotic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reviewed the role of different compounds with antioxidant activity in induction or inhibition of TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway, with regard to different fibrotic conditions such as gastro‐intestinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis and also some rare cases of fibrosis, both in animal models and cell lines. Keywords: antioxidants, extracellular matrix, organ fibrosis, oxidative stress, TGF‐β/SMAD pathway

CITATION EXPORT

Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard, Arian Askari, Hamed Shoorei et al.. Antioxidant therapy against TGF‐β/SMAD pathway involved in organ fibrosis. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18052

AUTHORS

8 · 9 CENTRES

Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard, Arian Askari, Hamed Shoorei, Mohammad Seify, Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Mohammad Taheri, Majid Samsami

1 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
4 Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5 Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
6 Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
7 Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
8 Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
9 Cancer Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran