systematic_review·systematic review, public health, epidemiology, clinical trial, research methods·PMC10007007
Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review
Journal of Medical Internet Research · 5 authors, 4 centres
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This PRISMA-guided systematic review of 15 empirical studies found that AI-based chatbots were efficacious in promoting healthy lifestyles, smoking cessation, treatment or medication adherence, and reduction in substance misuse, though results on feasibility, acceptability, and usability were mixed.
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This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and searched 7 bibliographic databases for empirical articles published from 1980 to 2022 evaluating AI chatbots for behavior change. Of 15 included studies, several demonstrated efficacy in promoting healthy lifestyles (6/15, 40%), smoking cessation (4/15, 27%), treatment or medication adherence (2/15, 13%), and reduction in substance misuse (1/15, 7%). AI chatbots employed behavior change strategies including goal setting, monitoring, real-time reinforcement or feedback, and on-demand support, developed using selected behavior change theories and expert consultation. Results on feasibility, acceptability, and usability were mixed, with the proportion of satisfied participants reportedly less than 50%. The authors noted that a meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity in research designs and outcome measures, and that most included studies had moderate risk of internal validity.
