Assessment of Mongolian dietary intake for planetary and human health

PLOS Global Public Health · 4 authors, 4 centres

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FIDELITY 100%

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study analyzed Mongolian dietary intake from a 2019 national survey and found that red meat consumption was over 17 times the recommended level for planetary health, while vegetable and fruit intake was significantly deficient.

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The study analyzed food intake (g/day) from the 2019 Mongolian Household Socio-Economic Survey. It compared the adequacy of eight food groups against the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet (PHD) and the Mongolian Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI), stratified by urban/rural area and cold/warm season. The central result was that red meat intake was 1,738% of the PHD recommendation, while vegetable and fruit intake were only 20% and 8% of the PHD, respectively. These discrepancies were greater in rural areas and during cold seasons. The study is limited by different dietary recording methods between urban (30-day) and rural (7-day) areas, incomplete food group data (e.g., whole grains), and the absence of environmental impact measurements beyond dietary intake. The findings suggest a need for improved food environments and nutrition education in Mongolia.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

nutrition

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10021422

Assessment of Mongolian dietary intake for planetary and human health

PLOS Global Public Health

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Healthy diets that consider environmental pressures are required to meet sustainable development goals in Mongolia. This study aimed to clarify the extent of planetary and human health on Mongolian dietary intake. Methods The intake of eight food groups (g/day) was investigated using the national database of the Household socio-economic survey (HSES) 2019 in Mongolia. The boundary intake of the Planetary health diet (PHD) proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission was considered 100% adequate. The adequacy (%) of food groups in the HSES were calculated in two areas (urban and rural), during the two seasons (cold and warm), and the total by each boundary of the PHD. The differences between the recommended dietary intake (RDI) in Mongolia and the PHD were also investigated in the same manner. Results The adequacy of red meat (i.e., beef, mutton, and horsemeat) in whole areas of Mongolia indicated more than 17 times higher intake (1,738%) than the PHD. The adequacy of vegetables (20%) and fruits (8%) in Mongolia indicated an intake shortage compared to the PHD. These discrepancies in dietary adequacy were greater in rural areas and during the cold seasons than in urban areas and during the warm seasons, respectively. The animal-based protein sources, especially red meat (1,091%), in the RDI of Mongolia were higher than those in the PHD. Conclusion This study found a highly excessive intake of red meat and a low intake of vegetables and fruits compared with the PHD among Mongolian people, especially in rural areas and during the cold seasons. The limited diversity of food in severe geographic conditions, poor accessibility of food retailers, and insufficient nutrition education may have led to these results. Therefore, improvements in the food environment and nutritional education are required.

CITATION EXPORT

Dashzeveg Delgermaa, Miwa Yamaguchi, Marika Nomura et al.. Assessment of Mongolian dietary intake for planetary and human health. PLOS Global Public Health. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001229

AUTHORS

4 · 4 CENTRES

Dashzeveg Delgermaa, Miwa Yamaguchi, Marika Nomura, Nobuo Nishi

1Department of Public Health Policy Implementation Coordination, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
3Human Development Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Tokyo, Japan
4Nepal Health Research Council, NEPAL