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TL;DR
In a cross-sectional analysis of 6,814 NHANES participants under 19 years old, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower myopia prevalence in a dose-response manner, regardless of sex.
Translational Pediatrics · 5 authors, 4 centres
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In a cross-sectional analysis of 6,814 NHANES participants under 19 years old, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower myopia prevalence in a dose-response manner, regardless of sex.
This cross-sectional study used NHANES data from 6,814 children and adolescents under 19 years of age to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and myopia prevalence. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with myopia (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99, P<0.05) regardless of sex, and a dose effect was observed where higher 25(OH)D levels corresponded to lower myopia rates, though the relationship did not appear linear. Additional associations included higher myopia rates in females (OR=1.12, P=0.03), those with high poverty income ratio (OR=1.08, P<0.001), and those with high BMI (OR=1.19, P<0.001). White ethnicity (OR=0.78, P<0.001) and leisure-time exercise (OR=0.94, P=0.02) were associated with lower myopia rates. Limitations include the cross-sectional design precluding causal inference, annual rather than continuous vitamin D measurement, and potential unmeasured confounders.