PLOS ONE · 5 authors, 6 centres
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This cross-sectional study of 19,340 Korean adults from KNHANES found that higher urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and higher Framingham risk score in both women and men without prior cardiovascular disease history.
Using nationally representative KNHANES data (2011–2014, 2019–2020), the authors measured spot urine UACR in 19,340 Korean participants and evaluated CVD risk via the Framingham risk score (FRS). After excluding those with CVD history, participants were stratified by sex. In multivariate regression, higher UACR was independently associated with older age, lower HDL-C, higher TC, higher SBP, greater anti-hypertensive medication use, higher diabetes prevalence, and greater smoking prevalence in both women and men. The FRS showed monotonic elevation with increasing UACR in both sexes, with exponential patterns at the highest UACR levels. Limitations include the cross-sectional design (precluding causal inference), use of FRS as a surrogate rather than observed CVD events, single spot urine sample instead of 24-hour collection, and inability to account for medications such as ACE inhibitors that may reduce microalbuminuria.
