Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes

Pediatric research · 13 authors, 7 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from the ABCD Study to examine associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and racial disparities in brain outcomes among 9,638 preadolescent children.

Full summary

205 CHARS

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

pediatrics

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AI pipeline

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10232675

Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes

Pediatric research

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ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the extent to which socioeconomic characteristics of the home and neighborhood are associated with racial inequalities in brain outcomes. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline dataset (v.2.0.1) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (ABCD). Cognitive performance was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIH-TB) cognitive battery. Standard socioeconomic indicators of the family and neighborhood were derived from census-related statistics. Cortical morphometric measures included MRI-derived thickness, area, and volume. Results: 9,638 children were included. Each NIH-TB cognitive measure was negatively associated with household and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. Differences in cognitive scores between Black or Hispanic children and other racial groups were mitigated by higher household income. Most children from lowest-income families or residents in impoverished neighborhoods were Black/Hispanic. These disparities were associated with racial differences in NIH-TB measures and mediated by smaller cortical brain volumes. Conclusion: Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with racial differences in preadolescent brain outcomes and mitigated by greater household income. Household income mediates racial differences more strongly than neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators in brain outcomes. Highlighting these socioeconomic risks may direct focused policy-based interventions such as allocation of community resources to ensure equitable brain outcomes in children.

CITATION EXPORT

Amal Isaiah, Thomas M. Ernst, HuaJun Liang et al.. Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes. Pediatric research. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02399-9

AUTHORS

13 · 7 CENTRES

Amal Isaiah, Thomas M. Ernst, HuaJun Liang, Meghann Ryan, Eric Cunningham, Pedro J. Rodriguez, Miriam Menken, Dianne Kaschak, Ciara Guihen, Gloria Reeves, Nancy Lever, Sarah M. Edwards, Linda Chang

1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
2Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
3Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
4Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813
5Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
6Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
7Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201