Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the development of open angle glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open · 10 authors, 4 centres

AI SUMMARY

FIDELITY 100%

POPULATION610 patients (825 eyes) with suspected glaucoma and normal visual fields at baseline

INTERVENTIONObservation of lifestyle factors: alcohol consumption and smoking history

COMPARISONNon-alcohol drinkers and non-smokers (never smokers)

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AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

TRACE TO SOURCE

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TL;DR

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 610 patients (825 eyes) with suspected glaucoma enrolled in the DIGS and ADAGES studies, followed for an average of 9 years.

Full summary

607 CHARS

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 610 patients (825 eyes) with suspected glaucoma enrolled in the DIGS and ADAGES studies, followed for an average of 9 years. Using multivariable Cox regression, the study found alcohol consumption was associated with a 1.57-fold higher risk of developing glaucoma. Subgroup analyses showed this risk was greater in men (HR 1.92) and individuals of African descent (HR 1.79). The findings suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors like alcohol and smoking may be linked to glaucoma progression, warranting further investigation into preventative strategies.

PICO

PPOPULATION

610 patients (825 eyes) with suspected glaucoma and normal visual fields at baseline

IINTERVENTION

Observation of lifestyle factors: alcohol consumption and smoking history

OOUTCOME

Development of glaucoma, defined as three consecutive abnormal visual field tests

STUDY TYPE

cohort

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

FIDELITY CHECK

100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10551939

Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the development of open angle glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To investigate the associations of alcohol consumption and smoking with the development of perimetric glaucoma in patients with suspected glaucoma. Design A retrospective cohort study of patients suspected to have glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES). Setting Three tertiary glaucoma centres in the USA. Participants 825 eyes of 610 patients with glaucoma suspect eyes with normal visual fields (VF) at baseline were followed over an average of 9 years from the DIGS and ADAGES studies. Outcome measures Development of glaucoma was defined as occurrence of three consecutive abnormal VF tests during follow-up. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to investigate lifestyle-related factors associated with development of VF loss over time. Results VF tests were abnormal three times in a row in 235 (28.5%) eyes. Alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of developing glaucoma (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.38, p=0.037). In men, the risk of developing glaucoma in alcohol drinkers (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.68, p=0.048) was greater than non-alcohol drinkers. In individuals of African descent, the risk of developing glaucoma in alcohol drinkers (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.15, p=0.043) was greater than non-alcohol drinkers. Age was a modifier of the relationship between smoking and glaucomatous VF defects (p=0.048). The risk of developing glaucoma in smokers (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.72, p=0.019) was greater than never smokers after adjustment for confounding factors in older patients (age >61 years). Conclusion Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma, particularly in men and individuals of African descent. The risk of developing glaucoma among smokers suspected of having glaucoma was influenced by age, with older individuals having a higher risk than younger people. Trial registration number NCT00221897 and NCT00221923 . Keywords: glaucoma, medical ophthalmology, epidemiology

CITATION EXPORT

Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Takashi Nishida, Robert N Weinreb et al.. Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the development of open angle glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072163

AUTHORS

10 · 4 CENTRES

Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Takashi Nishida, Robert N Weinreb, Sally L Baxter, Aimee C Chang, Nicki Nikkhoy, Evan Walker, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Christopher A Girkin, Sasan Moghimi

1Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
2Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
3Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
4Department of Ophthalmology, Bernard School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA