SEARCHCASE-CONTROLobstetrics and gynecology, nutrition

case-control·obstetrics and gynecology, nutrition, public health, epidemiology, dietetics·PMC10348085

Characterization and risk factors for unexplained female infertility in Sudan: A case-control study

World Journal of Methodology · 3 authors, 7 centres

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TL;DR

Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, behavior, and diet.

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Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, behavior, and diet. The median duration of unexplained infertility was 3 years. After multivariable logistic regression, significant associated factors included being married, having a family history of infertility, using modern contraceptives, smoking, high caffeine consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and consuming more than two meals per day free of vitamin-A-rich fruits, vegetables, or other vegetables. A key limitation is that data relied on patient-reported interviews and some retrospective responses could not be validated.

STUDY TYPE

case-control

SPECIALTY

obstetrics and gynecology

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10348085

Characterization and risk factors for unexplained female infertility in Sudan: A case-control study

World Journal of Methodology

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ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND Female infertility with unknown causes (unexplained) remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field, where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unknown methods. However, several studies have proposed some possible causes and risk factors for unexplained female infertility. AIM To characterize and identify factors associated with unexplained infertility in Sudanese women. METHODS A matched (age and body mass index) case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022. The study samples were 210 women with unexplained infertility (UI) and 190 fertile women of reproductive age who were attending the maternity hospitals and fertility clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. The risk factors of unexplained infertility were identified using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire containing information on socio-demographic variables, anthropometrics, clinical diagnosis of infertility, behavioral factors, physical activity assessment, diversity, and consumption of different food groups by the study participants. RESULTS The results showed a higher proportion of women diagnosed with UI were residents of rural areas than controls (21.4% vs 11.1%, P < 0.05), and previous miscarriages and/or abortions were more common in fertile women compared with infertile women (13.16% vs 5.71%, P < 0.05). Additionally, infertile women had a significantly ( P < 0.05) higher proportion of family history of infertility (explained and unexplained) compared with controls. Finally, after controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression analysis, only marital status, family history of infertility, use of modern contraceptives, smoking, caffeine consumption, physical activity level, meals consumed, other vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables, and other vegetables were found to be significant ( P < 0.05) factors associated with unexplained infertility among Sudanese women. CONCLUSION Married women with a family history of infertility who smoke and consume a high amount of caffeine, who live a sedentary lifestyle, and who consume more than two meals free of vitamin-A-rich fruits and/or vegetables and/or other vegetables per day are at the highest risk of developing unexplained infertility. Keywords: Unexplained infertility, Sudanese women, Risk factors, Dietary diversity, Physical activity level

CITATION EXPORT

Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah, Musa Ahmed, Adesina Oladokun. Characterization and risk factors for unexplained female infertility in Sudan: A case-control study. World Journal of Methodology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.98

AUTHORS

3 · 7 CENTRES

Abdullah Abdulslam Abdullah, Musa Ahmed, Adesina Oladokun

1Reproductive Health Sciences Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria
3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Al-Gadarif 32211, Sudan. [email protected]
4Reproductive Health Sciences Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria
6Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Salam University, Al-fula 120, West Kordofan, Sudan
7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 119, Oyo state, Nigeria