SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWpediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology

narrative_review·pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, geriatrics, endocrinology, preclinical research·PMC10045474

Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death

Biology · 3 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review summarizes how the circadian clock system develops and changes across the lifespan, from embryonic development through aging, based on evidence from humans and experimental rodents.

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This narrative review synthesizes research on the development and function of the circadian clock across the lifespan in humans and experimental rodents. It describes that circadian rhythms are initiated in utero under maternal control, fully mature after birth, and undergo changes during puberty, adolescence, and aging. A special focus is placed on the circadian regulation of reproductive systems. The review discusses the implications of these age-related changes for disease resistance, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness, suggesting that a patient's age and sex should be considered in medical interventions.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

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pediatrics

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10045474

Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death

Biology

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ABSTRACT

Simple Summary The circadian clock is a prominent regulator of physiology. Most studies so far have investigated its role in health and disease in adult subjects and animals. However, circadian clock characteristics change over one’s lifetime. This review describes how the clock develops during pregnancy and infancy, how it evolves in childhood and adolescence and, finally, how its function is impacted by aging, with a special focus on the female reproductive system. Understanding those changes can contribute to adapting behavioral and medical interventions to the patients’ age and sex-specific needs. Abstract Most lifeforms on earth use endogenous, so-called circadian clocks to adapt to 24-h cycles in environmental demands driven by the planet’s rotation around its axis. Interactions with the environment change over the course of a lifetime, and so does regulation of the circadian clock system. In this review, we summarize how circadian clocks develop in humans and experimental rodents during embryonic development, how they mature after birth and what changes occur during puberty, adolescence and with increasing age. Special emphasis is laid on the circadian regulation of reproductive systems as major organizers of life segments and life span. We discuss differences in sexes and outline potential areas for future research. Finally, potential options for medical applications of lifespan chronobiology are discussed.

CITATION EXPORT

Iwona Olejniczak, Violetta Pilorz, Henrik Oster. Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death. Biology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12030383

AUTHORS

3 · 2 CENTRES

Iwona Olejniczak, Violetta Pilorz, Henrik Oster

1Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
2Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Xavier Bonnefont, Kazuhiro Yagita