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TL;DR
The study found that morphological methods were highly accurate for adults but not for non-adults, and combining both methods allowed sex to be determined for all individuals.
Genes · 4 authors, 2 centres
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The study found that morphological methods were highly accurate for adults but not for non-adults, and combining both methods allowed sex to be determined for all individuals.
The study evaluated the accuracy of morphological sex assessment (using skull and pelvis) against genetic sex determination (DNA) for 17th to 19th century skeletal remains from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The central result is that morphological methods achieved 97% accuracy for adults and 72% for non-adults. For adults, pelvic morphology, including the sciatic notch alone, was more reliable than skull morphology. For non-adults, the accuracy was lower, aligning with previous research. A key limitation is that morphological methods alone left some individuals with undetermined sex, but combining them with genetic methods allowed all individuals to be sexed. The findings suggest that the applied morphological methods are suitable for this post-medieval Slovenian adult population, but caution is advised for non-adults and adults without pelvic bones.