SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWnutrition, micronutrients

narrative_review·nutrition, micronutrients, minerals, neurology, epidemiology·PMC10573482

Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 11 authors, 7 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on manganese (Mn) exposure sources, biomarker reference values, interactions with other metals, and associations between disturbed Mn homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, fertility, and infectious diseases. The central finding is that both Mn deficiency and excess are harmful, with overexposure being particularly toxic to the central nervous system due to preferential brain accumulation.

Full summary

1,101 CHARS

This narrative review synthesizes knowledge on manganese (Mn) as an essential trace element, covering exposure routes (inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact), dietary intake, biomarker reference values in various biological matrices, and competitive interactions with metals including Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ca. The authors discuss associations between disturbed Mn homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases (manganism, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, ALS), metabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), fertility outcomes, and infectious diseases. Populations at particular risk include those with genetic mutations impairing Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or vegetarian diets. Prenatal and childhood Mn exposure is highlighted as particularly dangerous for neurological development. The review notes that most chronic neurodegenerative diseases linked to Mn accumulation still lack effective treatment, and calls for systematic epidemiological studies and meta-analyses separately in children and adults.

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narrative_review

SPECIALTY

nutrition

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10573482

Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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ABSTRACT

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.

CITATION EXPORT

Jacek Baj, Wojciech Flieger, Aleksandra Barbachowska et al.. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914959

AUTHORS

11 · 7 CENTRES

Jacek Baj, Wojciech Flieger, Aleksandra Barbachowska, Beata Kowalska, Michał Flieger, Alicja Forma, Grzegorz Teresiński, Piero Portincasa, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner, Jolanta Flieger

1Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (W.F.); [email protected] (A.F.)
2Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland; [email protected]
3Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; [email protected]
4Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (G.T.); [email protected] (G.B.)
5Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; [email protected]
6Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, CSK MSWiA, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected]
7Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Rosaria Scudiero