International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 7 authors, 3 centres
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This cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease in southern Brazil found that 27% skipped breakfast and identified four breakfast patterns among consumers, none of which were associated with cardiometabolic or nutritional markers.
This cross-sectional study conducted in southern Brazil examined breakfast consumption patterns in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). The study identified that 27% of participants skipped breakfast, with higher prevalence among those with a family history for obesity (52.4%) and those with acyanotic CHD (66.6%). Among breakfast consumers, four patterns were identified: (1) milk, ultra-processed bread, and chocolate milk; (2) margarine and processed bread; (3) cold meats/sausages, cheeses, and butter/cream; and (4) fruits/fruit juices, breakfast cereals, yogurts, and homemade cakes/pies. No associations were found between breakfast consumption or any breakfast pattern and cardiometabolic or nutritional markers.
