Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019

International Journal for Equity in Health · 1 author, 1 centre

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TL;DR

This study used national death statistics to analyze life expectancy changes in South Korea from 2000 to 2019 by urbanicity.

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Results showed rural disadvantages in life expectancy but faster increases in rural areas, narrowing the gap. Hypothetical analyses indicated overall life expectancy would have increased 0.3–0.5 years less in the first scenario and 0.7–0.9 years further in the second scenario. The gap reduction was primarily driven by ages 15–39 and 40–64 and by reductions in mortality from chronic diseases (neoplasms, digestive system diseases) and external causes.

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other

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epidemiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10375755

Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019

International Journal for Equity in Health

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Background This study aimed to quantify the contribution of narrowing the life expectancy gap between urban and rural areas to the overall life expectancy at birth in Korea and examine the age and death cause-specific contribution to changes in the life expectancy gap between urban and rural areas. Methods We used the registration population and death statistics from Statistics Korea from 2000 to 2019. Assuming two hypothetical scenarios, namely, the same age-specific mortality change rate in urban and rural areas and a 20% faster decline than the observed decline rate in rural areas, we compared the increase in life expectancy with the actual increase. Changes in the life expectancy gap between urban and rural areas were decomposed into age- and cause-specific contributions. Results Rural disadvantages of life expectancy were evident. However, life expectancies in rural areas increased more rapidly than in urban areas. Life expectancy would have increased 0.3–0.5 less if the decline rate of age-specific mortality in small-to-middle urban and rural areas were the same as that of large urban areas. Life expectancy would have increased 0.7–0.9 years further if the decline rate of age-specific mortality in small-to-middle urban and rural areas had been 20% higher. The age groups 15–39 and 40–64, and chronic diseases, such as neoplasms and diseases of the digestive system, and external causes significantly contributed to narrowing the life expectancy gap between urban and rural areas. Conclusion Pro-health equity interventions would be a good strategy to reduce the life expectancy gap and increase overall life expectancy, particularly in societies where life expectancies have already increased. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12939-023-01960-0. Keywords: Age factors, Chronic disease, Life Expectancy, Rural Population

CITATION EXPORT

Ikhan Kim. Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019. International Journal for Equity in Health. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01960-0

AUTHORS

1 · 1 CENTRES

Ikhan Kim

1Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea