Cucurbita maxima Seeds Reduce Anxiety and Depression and Improve Memory

This preclinical study evaluated Cucurbita maxima seed extract for neuropharmacological effects using rodent behavioral models. Chronic administration at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg was tested against diazepam and imipramine as reference drugs. Anxiety was assessed using light/dark, elevated plus maze, head dip, and open field tests. Depression was assessed using forced swim and tail suspension tests. Memory was evaluated through passive avoidance, stationary rod, and Morris water maze tests. Motor coordination was assessed via rotarod and stationary rod. C. maxima at 100 mg/kg showed maximum anxiolytic activity of 58.9% and 55% on the 8th and 21st days in the light/dark model. The extract exhibited antidepressant effects at 200 mg/kg comparable with imipramine, linked to elevated norepinephrine and dopamine with decreased HVA. A weight reduction exceeding 10% was noted at 100 and 200 mg/kg.