Cultivation of gut microorganisms of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi reveals their potential roles in the environmental adaptation of their host

Marine Life Science & Technology · 6 authors, 3 centres

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The central result is that the cultured gut microbiome structure varies by season and culture condition, suggesting specific microbes like Bacillus and Desulfovibrio may contribute to the host's environmental adaptation.

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This laboratory study investigated the gut microbiome of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. The cultured community composition differed between seasons and culture conditions; for example, Vibrio was found only in aerobic cultures, while Bacillus was cultured under both conditions. Seasonal variations were observed, with higher Serratia abundance in spring and the presence of nitrogen-fixing Desulfovibrio in winter. The authors propose these microbes may aid host adaptation through roles like pathogen inhibition, nitrogen fixation, and immune stimulation, supported by anti-bacterial activity tests of an ethanol extract from an isolated Serratia sp.

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other

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10077266

Cultivation of gut microorganisms of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi reveals their potential roles in the environmental adaptation of their host

Marine Life Science & Technology

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ABSTRACT

Abstract It has long been known that abundant symbiotic bacteria exist in the tunic and gut of marine ascidians, and that these play crucial roles in host development, physiological metabolism, and environmental adaptation. However, the identity, roles and functions of these symbiotic bacteria are known for only a few strains. In this study, we isolated and cultivated 263 strains of microorganisms from the intestine of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi through a combination of aerobic and anaerobic culture approaches. Most cultivated species, both aerobic and anaerobic, from ascidian stool samples belonged to the genus Bacillus based on 16S rDNA sequencing identification and phylogenetic assays. The distribution of cultured bacteria varied with seasonal changes in environmental conditions. To explore the functions of cultured bacteria, we screened out a strain of Serratia sp. whose extracts showed high antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens. These findings revealed the potential roles of gut microorganisms in ascidian defense and environmental adaptation, thus providing insights into the interaction and co-evolution between gut bacteria and their hosts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00131-4. Keywords: Aerobic culture, Anaerobic culture, Ascidian, Defense, Gut microorganism

CITATION EXPORT

Yang Yang, Yuting Zhu, Haiming Liu et al.. Cultivation of gut microorganisms of the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi reveals their potential roles in the environmental adaptation of their host. Marine Life Science & Technology. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-022-00131-4

AUTHORS

6 · 3 CENTRES

Yang Yang, Yuting Zhu, Haiming Liu, Jiankai Wei, Haiyan Yu, Bo Dong

1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
2Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
3Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China