Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects

This is a narrative review covering synthetic, analytical, and pharmaceutical aspects of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. It describes how cyclodextrins, as cyclic oligosaccharides, can form complexes with active pharmaceutical ingredients and nutraceuticals to improve properties like dissolution rate, bioavailability, and stability. The review discusses the use of cyclodextrin-based polymers, nanosponges, and nanofibers for drug delivery and stabilization, with examples for labile drugs and poorly soluble compounds classified as BCS class IV. It also reviews synthetic routes for chemically modified cyclodextrins and analytical techniques (e.g., spectroscopic methods) to verify complex formation in solution and solid state. The review concludes that cyclodextrins and their derivatives offer possibilities for personalized medicine and sustained drug delivery.