Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 5 authors, 3 centres
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The authors conclude that no single green extraction process currently achieves non-toxic, low-waste, energy-efficient recovery with high PUFA yield from wet biomass, and highlight nanomaterials as an unexplored avenue for lipid separation improvement.
The review compares traditional hydrocarbon-based solvents (hexane, chloroform, methanol) with greener alternatives such as supercritical CO₂, terpenes, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents for lipid extraction. Purification strategies for PUFA enrichment are discussed alongside the potential role of nanomaterials in improving lipid separation. The authors identify wet biomass processing as a critical gap, noting that no existing procedure simultaneously achieves non-toxic operation, low chemical waste, energy efficiency, and high PUFA recovery from wet biomass.
