Frontiers in Immunology · 2 authors, 2 centres
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This editorial introduces a research topic collection of 10 articles examining HLA and non-HLA gene associations with autoimmune liver diseases (primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis) across diverse populations. The collection reports HLA predisposition alleles, a protective metabolite (inosine) in a murine model, epigenetic influences, and microbiome roles, while noting that neither HLA genes nor non-HLA genes alone fully explain disease development.
This editorial summarizes a collection of four laboratory-based investigations and six mini-reviews from Asia, Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom/Europe, South America, and Canada. The studies collectively report that specific HLA alleles (DRB1*08:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*14:05, DRB1*14:54 in PBC; DRB1*11 in Turkish AIH; DRB1*03 in pediatric AIH and ASC) are associated with disease predisposition or severity. In a murine model of acute AIH, inosine administration attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. Non-HLA gene contributions, including CTLA-4 CT60 mutation, and roles of gut microbiome, epigenetics (DNA methylation, miRNA), and environmental exposures (toxic waste sites, coal-mining areas) are discussed. The editorial notes that it remains unclear whether HLA genes play a decisive role in disease development and severity.
