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narrative_review·pulmonology, pediatrics, epidemiology, internal medicine, public health·PMC10456025

Effect of Obesity on Lung Function in the Pediatric and Adult Populations with Asthma: A Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine · 5 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes evidence showing that obesity is associated with diminished lung function in people with asthma, characterized by mechanical and inflammatory mechanisms. It highlights the need for interdisciplinary care to address this complex comorbidity.

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This narrative review examines the relationship between obesity and lung function in pediatric and adult asthma populations. The review discusses diagnostic tools like spirometry and impulse oscillometry, and notes that obese asthma often presents with low or normal FeNO levels. Implications suggest that managing obesity is crucial for improving outcomes in asthmatic patients, requiring interdisciplinary therapeutic strategies.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

pulmonology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10456025

Effect of Obesity on Lung Function in the Pediatric and Adult Populations with Asthma: A Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine

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ABSTRACT

Obesity and asthma are major global health concerns, particularly in industrialized nations. Obesity has been shown to have detrimental effects on the respiratory system and lung function owing to metabolic issues and immunological consequences. Research has indicated that obese patients with asthma (atopic or T2-high and non-atopic or T2-low) have diminished lung function in terms of functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF 25–75% due to mechanical fat loading on the diaphragm and central adiposity when compared to non-obese asthmatic patients. Therefore, it is plausible that changes in lung function are the result of a combination of mechanical (fat loading on the diaphragm, central adiposity, bronchial hyper-reactivity, and an increase in cholinergic tone), environmental (diet and exercise), and inflammatory factors (local and systemic), which can lead to the obesity-related asthma phenotype characterized by severe asthma symptoms, poor response to corticosteroid treatment, loss of lung function, and poor quality of life from an early age.

CITATION EXPORT

Nayely Reyes Noriega, Blanca E. Del-Río-Navarro, Arturo Berber et al.. Effect of Obesity on Lung Function in the Pediatric and Adult Populations with Asthma: A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165385

AUTHORS

5 · 3 CENTRES

Nayely Reyes Noriega, Blanca E. Del-Río-Navarro, Arturo Berber, Sergio de Jesús Romero Tapia, Darío Jorge Mario Molina Díaz

1Allergy and Immunology Pediatric Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; [email protected] (N.R.N.); [email protected] (A.B.)
2División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86280, Mexico; [email protected]
3Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; [email protected]

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Ildiko Horvath