Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice

PLOS ONE · 14 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

Crocodile oil reduced food intake without altering gut microbiome diversity or structure, whereas palm oil at the high dose significantly changed microbial composition, and high-dose crocodile oil increased serum cholesterol and LDL while trending toward lower triglycerides.

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CO-treated mice consumed significantly less food than controls, but calorie intake was not significantly different. High-dose CO significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL but showed a downward trend in triglycerides compared to controls. Neither CO dose significantly altered gut microbiota alpha-diversity or phylum-level abundance, unlike the high-dose PO group which showed increased Chao1 and ACE indexes, distinct beta-diversity, and elevated Proteobacteria.

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10381048

Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice

PLOS ONE

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ABSTRACT

Dietary fat can alter host metabolism and gut microbial composition. Crocodile oil (CO) was extracted from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis . CO, rich in monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been reported to reduce inflammation, counter toxification, and improve energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CO on gut microbiota (GM) in laboratory mice as well as the accompanying metabolic changes in the animals. Forty-five C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups and orally administrated either sterile water (control [C]); 1 or 3% (v/w) CO (CO-low [CO-L] and CO-high [CO-H], respectively); or 1 or 3% (v/w) palm oil (PO-low and PO-high, respectively) for 11 weeks. Body weight gain, food intake, energy intake, blood glucose levels, and blood lipid profiles were determined. Samples from colon tissue were collected and the 16S rRNA genes were pyrosequenced to clarify GM analyses. The results showed that there were no differences in body weight and blood glucose levels. Food intake by the mice in the CO-L and CO-H groups was statistically significantly less when compared to that by the animals in the C group. However, neither CO treatment had a statistically significant effect on calorie intake when compared to the controls. The CO-H exhibited a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein but showed a downward trend in triglyceride levels compared to the control. The GM analyses revealed that both CO treatments have no significant influence on bacterial diversity and relative abundance at the phylum level, whereas increases of Choa1 and abundance-based coverage estimator indexes, distinct β-diversity, and Proteobacteria abundance were observed in the PO-high group compared with the C group. Furthermore, the abundance of Azospirillum thiophilum and Romboutsia ilealis was significantly higher in the CO-L and CO-H groups which could be associated with energy metabolic activity. Thus, CO may be an alternative fat source for preserving host metabolism and gut flora.

CITATION EXPORT

Kongphop Parunyakul, Aphisara Chuchoiy, Sasiporn Kooltueon et al.. Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice. PLOS ONE. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289073

AUTHORS

14 · 6 CENTRES

Kongphop Parunyakul, Aphisara Chuchoiy, Sasiporn Kooltueon, Phiyaporn Puttagamnerd, Krittika Srisuksai, Pitchaya Santativongchai, Urai Pongchairerk, Phitsanu Tulayakul, Teerasak E-kobon, Wirasak Fungfuang, Brenda A Wilson, Brenda A Wilson, Brenda A Wilson, Brenda A Wilson

1 Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Veterinary Sciences (International Program), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
5 Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UNITED STATES

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Brenda A. Wilson