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case-control·pediatrics, epidemiology, public health, emergency medicine·PMC10049417

Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM 1 within Several Hours

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 8 authors, 1 centre

AI SUMMARY

FIDELITY 100%

POPULATIONChildren (aged 0-4 years and older) visiting emergency departments in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China (2015–2016)

INTERVENTIONExposure to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 within several hours, and a high PM1/PM2.5 ratio

COMPARISONControl periods with lower exposure

This summary was generated by AI from a single paper. It has not been reviewed by a clinician and is not clinical advice. Verify against the source before acting on it.

AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

TRACE TO SOURCE

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TL;DR

The study also found that a high PM1/PM2.5 ratio indicated an independent risk from PM2.5 exposure.

Full summary

921 CHARS

The study used a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression to analyze associations between hourly ambient PM1, PM2.5, and the PM1/PM2.5 ratio and the risk of pediatric emergency department visits (PEDVs) in two Chinese cities. Data included 97,508 and 101,639 cases from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, respectively. Results showed that PM1 and PM2.5 exposures within several hours were significantly associated with increased PEDV risk; for example, each interquartile range increase in PM1 at lag 0–3 hours was linked to a 3.9% increase in Guangzhou and a 3.2% increase in Shenzhen. A high PM1/PM2.5 ratio was also correlated with increased PEDVs. Limitations include the study being conducted in two southern Chinese cities, which may limit generalizability, and the analysis of all-cause EDVs, which may underestimate the specific impact of PM due to inclusion of visits for external factors.

PICO

PPOPULATION

Children (aged 0-4 years and older) visiting emergency departments in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China (2015–2016)

IINTERVENTION

Exposure to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 within several hours, and a high PM1/PM2.5 ratio

OOUTCOME

Pediatric emergency department visits (PEDVs)

STUDY TYPE

case-control

SPECIALTY

pediatrics

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

FIDELITY CHECK

100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10049417

Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM 1 within Several Hours

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

READ THE FULL PAPER

ABSTRACT

Background: Emerging evidence has integrated short-term exposure to PM 1 with children’s morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, most available studies have been conducted on a daily scale, ignoring the exposure variations over the span of a day. Objective: The main intention of this study was to examine the association between pediatric emergency department visits (PEDVs) and intra-day exposures to PM 1 and PM 2.5 . We also aimed to investigate whether a high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio elevated the risk of PEDVs independent from PM 2.5 exposure within several hours. Methods: We collected hourly data on aerial PM 1 and PM 2.5 concentrations, all-cause PEDVs, and meteorological factors from two megacities (i.e., Guangzhou and Shenzhen) in southern China during 2015–2016. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression analysis were used to assess the associations of PEDVs with exposures to PM 1 and PM 2.5 at different lag hours. The contribution of PM 1 to PM 2.5 -associated risk was quantified by introducing PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio as an additional exposure indicator in the analysis adjusting for PM 2.5 . Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by sex, age, and season. Results: During this study period, 97,508 and 101,639 children were included from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, respectively. PM 1 and PM 2.5 exposures within several hours were both remarkably related to an increased risk of PEDVs. Risks for PEDVs increased by 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–5.0%) in Guangzhou and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–4.4%) in Shenzhen for each interquartile range (Guangzhou: 21.4 μg/m 3 , Shenzhen: 15.9 μg/m 3 ) increase in PM 1 at lag 0–3 h, respectively. A high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio was substantially correlated with increased PEDVs, with an excess risk of 2.6% (95% CI: 1.2–4.0%) at lag 73–96 h in Guangzhou and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–2.0%) at lag 0–3 h in Shenzhen. Stratified analysis showed a clear seasonal pattern in PM-PEDVs relationships, with notably stronger risks in cold months (October to March of the following year) than in warm months (April to September). Conclusions: Exposures to ambient PM 1 and PM 2.5 within several hours were related to increased PEDVs. A high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio may contribute an additional risk independent from the short-term impacts of PM 2.5 . These findings highlighted the significance of reducing PM 1 in minimizing health risks due to PM 2.5 exposure in children.

CITATION EXPORT

Yachen Li, Lifeng Zhu, Yaqi Wang et al.. Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM1 within Several Hours. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064910

AUTHORS

8 · 1 CENTRES

Yachen Li, Lifeng Zhu, Yaqi Wang, Ziqing Tang, Yuqian Huang, Yixiang Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Yunquan Zhang

Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Paul B. Tchounwou