Maternal & Child Nutrition · 6 authors, 6 centres
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This cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Tanzania evaluated SMS, interpersonal communication (IPC), and combined interventions to improve men's knowledge of maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Knowledge scores increased significantly in all intervention groups, with the greatest impact in the combined SMS+IPC group, but barriers such as gender norms and lack of interest limited male engagement.
Engaging men in maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) is crucial for improving child health and challenging gender norms, but evidence on effective interventions is limited. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in rural Tanzania with 40 clusters allocated to four arms: SMS, IPC, SMS+IPC, and control. Data were collected from 1394 men through baseline and endline surveys, and a qualitative process evaluation included focus group discussions and interviews. The intervention period lasted 15-18 months. Key Results: Knowledge scores increased significantly in all intervention groups compared to control. The SMS+IPC group showed the largest increase in total knowledge score (0.066 points higher, p<0.001), followed by IPC (0.039 points, p=0.04) and SMS (0.030 points, p=0.02). IPC exposure was higher in the SMS+IPC group (43.8%) than in the IPC group (21.9%). Qualitative findings revealed barriers to male engagement, including lack of interest, perceptions that nutrition is a woman's responsibility, logistical issues, and economic priorities. Limitations: The study was limited to one region, focused on knowledge rather than behavior, had attrition, and was underpowered. Implications: A combined SMS and IPC approach is promising for improving men's MIYCN knowledge, but additional strategies are needed to address gender norms and enhance male participation.
