Etiology and Pathophysiology of Hypoparathyroidism: A Narrative Review

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 13 authors, 13 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review draws on systematic literature searches to describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of hypoparathyroidism across surgical and nonsurgical causes.

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This narrative review draws on systematic literature searches to describe the etiologies and pathophysiology of hypoparathyroidism across surgical and nonsurgical causes. Nonsurgical causes include genetic disorders, autoimmune destruction, radiation or toxin exposure, metabolic derangements, and maternal hypercalcemia. PTH replacement therapy improves several symptoms and quality of life.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

endocrinology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10364481

Etiology and Pathophysiology of Hypoparathyroidism: A Narrative Review

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

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ABSTRACT

The approach utilized a systematic review of the medical literature executed with specifically designed criteria that focused on the etiologies and pathogenesis of hypoparathyroidism. Enhanced attention by endocrine surgeons to new knowledge about parathyroid gland viability are reviewed along with the role of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring during and after neck surgery. Nonsurgical etiologies account for a significant proportion of cases of hypoparathyroidism (~25%), and among them, genetic etiologies are key. Given the pervasive nature of PTH deficiency across multiple organ systems, a detailed review of the skeletal, renal, neuromuscular, and ocular complications is provided. The burden of illness on affected patients and their caregivers contributes to reduced quality of life and social costs for this chronic endocrinopathy. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

CITATION EXPORT

Janice L. Pasieka, Kelly Wentworth, Caitlin T. Yeo et al.. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Hypoparathyroidism: A Narrative Review. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4714

AUTHORS

13 · 13 CENTRES

Janice L. Pasieka, Kelly Wentworth, Caitlin T. Yeo, Serge Cremers, David Dempster, Seiji Fukumoto, Ravinder Goswami, Pascal Houillier, Michael A. Levine, Jesse D. Pasternak, Nancy D. Perrier, Antonio Sitges-Serra, Dolores M. Shoback

1Clinical Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
2Assistant Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
3Clinical Lecturer of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
4Associate Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology and Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
5Professor of Clinical Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
6Specially Appointed Professor, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
7Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
8Département de Physiologie, Professor of Physiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
9Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Director, Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
10Endocrine Surgery Section Head, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
11Professor of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, Section of Surgical Endocrinology, Houston, TX, USA
12Emeritus Professor, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Endocrine Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
13Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA