Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain

Molecular Medicine · 2 authors, 1 centre

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TL;DR

This narrative review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pain signaling, including nociceptors, excitatory and inhibitory receptors, and glial involvement, with a focus on inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain. It concludes that inhibitory receptors like glycine receptors are promising therapeutic targets for novel analgesics.

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383 CHARS

This narrative review synthesizes knowledge on pain signal transmission, covering excitatory nociceptors, inhibitory signaling via GABA_A and glycine receptors, and the role of neuroglia. It describes mechanisms of inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain, noting that diabetes-associated hypersensitivity can result from chronic hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia from insulin therapy.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

neurology

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10111846

Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain

Molecular Medicine

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ABSTRACT

Pain, although unpleasant, is an essential warning mechanism against injury and damage of the organism. An intricate network of specialised sensors and transmission systems contributes to reception, transmission and central sensitization of pain. Here, we briefly introduce some of the main aspects of pain signal transmission, including nociceptors and nociceptive signals, mechanisms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the situation of diabetes-associated neuropathic pain. The role of glia—astrocytes, microglia, satellite glia cells—and their specific channels, transporters and signaling pathways is described. A focus is on the contribution of inhibitory synaptic signaling to nociception and a possible role of glycine receptors in glucose-mediated analgesia and treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy. Inhibitory receptors such as GABA A - and glycine receptors are important contributors to nociceptive signaling; their contribution to altered pain sensation in diabetes may be of clinical relevance, and they could be promising therapeutic targets towards the development of novel analgesics.

CITATION EXPORT

Ulrike Breitinger, Hans-Georg Breitinger. Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain. Molecular Medicine. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-023-00647-0

AUTHORS

2 · 1 CENTRES

Ulrike Breitinger, Hans-Georg Breitinger

grid.187323.c0000 0004 0625 8088Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Egypt