Exploring the Spectrum of VEGF Inhibitors’ Toxicities from Systemic to Intra-Vitreal Usage in Medical Practice
Cancers · 13 authors, 7 centres
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FIDELITY 100%
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This narrative review examines the spectrum of adverse effects associated with VEGF inhibitors used systemically in oncology and intra-vitreally in ophthalmology. It concludes that while systemic VEGFi carry risks of multi-organ toxicities and intra-vitreal VEGFi carry risks of ocular complications, both require early recognition, close monitoring, and multidisciplinary management.
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935 CHARS
This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of toxicities associated with VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) categorized by route of administration: systemic (antibodies and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for oncologic indications) and intra-vitreal (for retinal diseases). The authors synthesize evidence on adverse event profiles, mechanisms of toxicity, and management strategies. Systemic VEGFi toxicities discussed include hypertension, proteinuria, thromboembolic events, cardiac dysfunction, gastrointestinal perforation, impaired wound healing, and hematologic abnormalities such as neutropenia. Intra-vitreal VEGFi complications include endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and increased intraocular pressure. The review emphasizes that recognizing and managing these toxicities requires a multidisciplinary approach and proactive monitoring. The review aims to support oncologists in clinical practice and trial design.
