SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALobstetrics and gynecology, public health

cross-sectional·obstetrics and gynecology, public health, epidemiology, hematology, nutrition·PMC10212080

Factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy: A retrospective cross-sectional study in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana

PLOS ONE · 6 authors, 6 centres

AI SUMMARY

FIDELITY 100%

POPULATION372 pregnant women within 36 and 40 weeks of gestation receiving antenatal care in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana

INTERVENTION

COMPARISON

This summary was generated by AI from a single paper. It has not been reviewed by a clinician and is not clinical advice. Verify against the source before acting on it.

AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

TRACE TO SOURCE

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TL;DR

This retrospective cross-sectional study of 372 pregnant women in northern Ghana found that anaemia in pregnancy prevalence worsened from booking to 36 weeks gestation when haemodilution was accounted for, with socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare-related factors significantly associated with anaemia risk at different gestational timepoints.

Full summary

724 CHARS

This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed anaemia in pregnancy prevalence and associated factors at three gestational timepoints among 372 women sampled from 28 health facilities in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. Data were collected via clinical records review and questionnaire surveys between October and November 2020. When the WHO-recommended 10.5 g/dl adjustment for second-trimester haemodilution was applied, prevalence showed a continuous upward trend from registration through 36 weeks. At 36 weeks, older age groups and higher spousal education reduced odds of anaemia. The study is limited by its retrospective design, reliance on clinical records, and cross-sectional nature precluding causal inference.

PICO

PPOPULATION

372 pregnant women within 36 and 40 weeks of gestation receiving antenatal care in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana

OOUTCOME

Haemoglobin levels and prevalence of anaemia at antenatal care registration, 28 weeks, and 36 weeks of gestation, and factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

obstetrics and gynecology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

FIDELITY CHECK

100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10212080

Factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy: A retrospective cross-sectional study in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana

PLOS ONE

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ABSTRACT

Background Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) remains a severe public health problem associated with adverse outcomes. This study assessed haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia during antenatal care (ANC) registration, at 28 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation as well as the factors associated with AIP at the different stages of pregnancy. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional design was implemented. Using ANC registers as the sampling frame, 372 pregnant women, within 36 and 40 weeks of gestation were randomly sampled from 28 health facilities for the study. The participants were all receiving ANC in the Bolgatanga Municipality. Data were collected via clinical records review and a questionnaire-based survey between October and November, 2020. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), descriptive analysis of haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia were performed. In addition, binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy. AIP was determined using the national practice of 11.0g/dl haemoglobin cut-off point and the World Health Organisation’s recommended adjustment for the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy was made using the cut-off of 10.5g/dl to account for the effect of haemodilution. Results At booking, AIP prevalence was 35.8% (95%CI:30.9, 40.9) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl and 25.3% (95%CI:20.9, 30.0) using a cut-off of 10.5g/dl for those in the 2 nd trimester. At 28 weeks, AIP prevalence was 53.1% (95%CI:45.8, 60.3) and 37.5 (95%CI:30.6, 44.8) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl and 10.5g/dl for those in the 2 nd trimester, respectively. At 36 weeks, AIP prevalence was 44.8% (95%CI:39.2, 50.4) using a cut-off of 11.0g/dl. At p<0.05, registering after the first trimester (AOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.98, P = 0.009) and at a regional hospital (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.02, 4.98, P = 0.044) were associated with increased odds of AIP but registering at a private hospital (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.92, P = 0.035) was associated with decreased odds of AIP at booking. At 28 weeks, age group 26–35 years (AOR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.98, P = 0.044), Christianity (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.89, P = 0.028.), high wealth (AOR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.83, P = 0.022) and tertiary education (AOR = 0.09, 95%CI:0.02, 0.54, P = 0.009) were associated with decreased odds of AIP. At 36 weeks, booking after first trimester of pregnancy was associated with increased odds (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.84, P = 0.033) whilst high wealth (AOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.99, P = 0.049), higher age groups—26–35 (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.68, P = 0.001) and 36–49 years (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.90, P = 0.024) and secondary education of spouse were associated with reduced odds (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.88, P = 0.026) of AIP. Conclusion AIP consistently increased from registration to 36 weeks of gestation. Given the observed correlates of AIP, we recommend that interventions geared towards early ANC registration, improved household wealth, and improved maternal education are required to reduce AIP.

CITATION EXPORT

Donatus Nbonibe Abaane, Martin Nyaaba Adokiya, Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro et al.. Factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy: A retrospective cross-sectional study in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana. PLOS ONE. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286186

AUTHORS

6 · 6 CENTRES

Donatus Nbonibe Abaane, Martin Nyaaba Adokiya, Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro, Emily Chenette, Mpho Keetile, Mpho Keetile

1 Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
2 District Nutrition Unit, District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Garu, Ghana
3 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
4 Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
5 Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
University of Botswana, BOTSWANA

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Mpho Keetile