First Organoid Intelligence (OI) workshop to form an OI community Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
The brain is arguably the most powerful computation system known. It is extremely efficient in processing large amounts of information and can discern signals from noise, adapt, and filter faulty information all while running on only 20 watts of power. The human brain's processing efficiency, progressive learning, and plasticity are unmatched by any computer system. Recent advances in stem cell technology have elevated the field of cell culture to higher levels of complexity, such as the development of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids that recapitulate human brain functionality better than traditional monolayer cell systems. Organoid Intelligence (OI) aims to harness the innate biological capabilities of brain organoids for biocomputing and synthetic intelligence by interfacing them with computer technology. With the latest strides in stem cell technology, bioengineering, and machine learning, we can explore the ability of brain organoids to compute, and store given information (input), execute a task (output), and study how this affects the structural and functional connections in the organoids themselves. Furthermore, understanding how learning generates and changes patterns of connectivity in organoids can shed light on the early stages of cognition in the human brain. Investigating and understanding these concepts is an enormous, multidisciplinary endeavor that necessitates the engagement of both the scientific community and the public. Thus, on Feb 22–24 of 2022, the Johns Hopkins University held the first Organoid Intelligence Workshop to form an OI Community and to lay out the groundwork for the establishment of OI as a new scientific discipline. The potential of OI to revolutionize computing, neurological research, and drug development was discussed, along with a vision and roadmap for its development over the coming decade.
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Itzy E. Morales Pantoja, Lena Smirnova, Alysson R. Muotri et al.. First Organoid Intelligence (OI) workshop to form an OI community. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1116870 Itzy E. Morales Pantoja, Lena Smirnova, Alysson R. Muotri, Karl J. Wahlin, Jeffrey Kahn, J. Lomax Boyd, David H. Gracias, Timothy D. Harris, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Brian S. Caffo, Alexander S. Szalay, Fang Han, Donald J. Zack, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Akwasi Akwaboah, July Carolina Romero, Dowlette-Mary Alam El Din, Jesse D. Plotkin, Barton L. Paulhamus, Erik C. Johnson, Frederic Gilbert, J. Lowry Curley, Ben Cappiello, Jens C. Schwamborn, Eric J. Hill, Paul Roach, Daniel Tornero, Caroline Krall, Rheinallt Parri, Fenna Sillé, Andre Levchenko, Rabih E. Jabbour, Brett J. Kagan, Cynthia A. Berlinicke, Qi Huang, Alexandra Maertens, Kathrin Herrmann, Katya Tsaioun, Raha Dastgheyb, Christa Whelan Habela, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Thomas Hartung
1Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 2Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States 3Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Archealization Center (ArchC), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States 4Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States 5Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 6Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 7Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 8Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 9Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 10Center for Microphysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 11Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 12Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 13Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States 14Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States 15Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States 16Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 17Department of Computer Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 18Department of Physics and Astronomy, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 19Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 20Department of Statistics and Economics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States 21Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 22Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 23Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 24Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 25Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 26Department of Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States 27Philosophy Program, School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia 28AxoSim Inc., New Orleans, LA, United States 29Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg 30School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom 31Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom 32Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 33Clinic Hospital August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain 34Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States 35Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom 36Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States 37Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Maryland Global Campus, Rockville, MD, United States 38Cortical Labs, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 39Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States 40Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT)-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany 