SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALpublic health, epidemiology

cross-sectional·public health, epidemiology, nutrition, internal medicine·PMC10214135

Food insecurity and sleep health by race/ethnicity in the United States

Journal of Nutritional Science · 4 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study of a large, racially/ethnically diverse US population found that lower household food security status was associated with poorer sleep health, including shorter sleep duration and more disturbances. The associations varied by race/ethnicity, with stronger links to sleep disturbances observed among Hispanic/Latinx individuals.

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Sleep was assessed via self-reported duration (categorized as very short, short, recommended, or long) and disturbances (e.g., trouble falling or staying asleep). The central finding was that living in households with lower food security (marginal, low, very low) was associated with poorer sleep health compared to high food security. A dose-response relationship was observed, with very low food security linked to the poorest sleep outcomes. Associations varied by race/ethnicity; for example, stronger links between food insecurity and very short/short sleep were seen among NH-Asian and NH-White adults, while stronger links to sleep disturbances were seen among Hispanic/Latinx adults. Limitations include the cross-sectional design, which precludes causal inference, and reliance on self-reported data.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

public health

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10214135

Food insecurity and sleep health by race/ethnicity in the United States

Journal of Nutritional Science

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Food insecurity, poised to increase with burgeoning concerns related to climate change, may influence sleep, yet few studies examined the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse populations with multiple sleep dimensions. We determined overall and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food security and sleep health. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we categorised food security as very low, low, marginal and high. Sleep duration was categorised as very short, short, recommended and long. Sleep disturbances included trouble falling/staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested and using sleep medication (all ≥3 d/times in the previous week). Adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for sleep dimensions by food security. Among 177 435 participants, the mean age of 47⋅2 ± 0⋅1 years, 52⋅0 % were women, and 68⋅4 % were non-Hispanic (NH)-White. A higher percent of NH-Black (7⋅9 %) and Hispanic/Latinx (5⋅1 %) lived in very low food security households than NH-White (3⋅1 %) participants. Very low v. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR = 2⋅61 [95 % CI 2⋅44–2⋅80]) sleep duration as well as trouble falling asleep (PR = 2⋅21 [95 % CI 2⋅12–2⋅30]). Very low v. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asian (PR = 3⋅64 [95 % CI 2⋅67–4⋅97]) and NH-White (PR = 2⋅73 [95 % CI 2⋅50–2⋅99]) participants compared with NH-Black (PR = 2⋅03 [95 % CI 1⋅80–2⋅31]) and Hispanic/Latinx (PR = 2⋅65 [95 % CI 2⋅30–3⋅07]) participants. Food insecurity was associated with poorer sleep in a racially/ethnically diverse US sample. Key words: African Americans, Food assistance, Food insecurity, Hispanic Americans, Minority groups, Sleep, Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, Socio-economic factors Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NH, non-Hispanic; PR, prevalence ratio; se , standard error; SES, socio-economic status; US, United States

CITATION EXPORT

Dana M Alhasan, Nyree M Riley, W Braxton Jackson II et al.. Food insecurity and sleep health by race/ethnicity in the United States. Journal of Nutritional Science. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.18

AUTHORS

4 · 3 CENTRES

Dana M Alhasan, Nyree M Riley, W Braxton Jackson II, Chandra L Jackson

1Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
2Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
3Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA