Frailty in kidney transplant candidates and recipients: pathogenesis and intervention strategies

In recipients, postoperative frailty is influenced by preoperative status, surgical injury, complications, and immunosuppressive therapy. The review discusses emerging intervention strategies targeting these mechanisms, such as nutritional therapy, exercise, and potential targeted drugs, noting these are not yet standard clinical practice. The primary limitation is that this is a synthesis of existing literature without new data, calling for future animal model research and large-sample prospective studies to validate interventions and develop accurate frailty evaluation systems.