SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWinfectious disease, public health

narrative_review·infectious disease, public health, epidemiology, pulmonology, immunology·PMC10617653

From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19

Cureus · 20 authors, 22 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes published data on the virology, clinical aspects, treatments, and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. It concludes that while diagnostic methods have progressed, targeted therapeutics remain largely in research, and vaccine development has been a key intervention in managing the pandemic.

Full summary

696 CHARS

This comprehensive narrative review analyzes available literature on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathology, consequences, therapies, vaccines, and long-term effects. The authors note that while diagnostic methods have advanced, targeted therapeutic developments are still in the research phase. A central finding is the significant impact of vaccine development and distribution in bolstering population immunity and alleviating strain on healthcare systems. The review highlights that the WHO has declared COVID-19 is no longer a global health emergency, but underscores ongoing vigilance due to new variant emergence.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

infectious disease

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

FIDELITY CHECK

100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10617653

From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19

Cureus

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ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province at the end of 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and millions of deaths reported to the WHO. We have analyzed most of the data published since the beginning of the pandemic to compile this comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2. We looked at the core ideas, such as the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, and vaccines. We have also included the long-term effects and myths associated with some therapeutics of COVID-19. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, and significant variants identified during the course of the pandemic. Our review article is intended to provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of the fundamental sciences, clinical treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. As of May 2023, this paper contains the most recent data made accessible.

CITATION EXPORT

Roopa Naik, Sreekant Avula, Sujith K Palleti et al.. From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19. Cureus. (2023). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48046

AUTHORS

20 · 22 CENTRES

Roopa Naik, Sreekant Avula, Sujith K Palleti, Jyotsna Gummadi, Rajarajeshwari Ramachandran, Deepak Chandramohan, Gagandeep Dhillon, Angad S Gill, Kapil Paiwal, Bushra Shaik, Malavika Balachandran, Bhumika Patel, Simhachalam Gurugubelli, Abhishek Kumar Mariswamy Arun Kumar, Athmananda Nanjundappa, Mahita Bellamkonda, Kanika Rathi, Pavana Lalithya Sakhamuri, Mahmoud Nassar, Atul Bali

1 Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
2 Internal Medicine/Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes Barre, USA
3 Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
4 Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
5 Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
6 Gastroenterology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
7 Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
8 Physician Executive MBA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
9 Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, Glen Burnie, USA
10 Internal Medicine, Griffin Hospital, Derby, USA
11 Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Daswani Dental College & Research Center, Kota, IND
12 Internal Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville, USA
13 Internal Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
14 Oral Medicine and Radiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
15 Internal Medicine, Memorial Health System, Gulfport, USA
16 Hospital Medicine, Kettering Health Network, Dayton, USA
17 Hospital Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
18 Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
19 Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
20 Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
21 Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
22 Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, USA

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Alexander Muacevic, John R Adler