Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida , and Rhodotorula

AMB Express · 4 authors, 2 centres

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The report details the clinical characteristics, nutritional requirements, and pathogenic potential of each identified fungus, noting their different ecological niches and antifungal susceptibility profiles. The authors conclude that this cohabitation is rare and complicates therapy, as standard treatments may be ineffective, potentially leading to relapse. The implication is that precise fungal identification is critical for effective treatment and preventing recurrence in complex skin mycobiome infections.

STUDY TYPE

case_report

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dermatology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10879058

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida , and Rhodotorula

AMB Express

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Evidence of fungal coexistence in humans points towards fungal adaptation to the host environment, like the skin. The human commensal Malassezia has evolved, especially residing in sebum-rich areas of the mammalian body where it can get the necessary nutrition for its survival. This fungus is primarily responsible for skin diseases like Pityriasis versicolor (PV), characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented skin discoloration and erythematous macules. In this manuscript, we report a 19-year-old healthy female who presented with a one-year history of reddish, hypopigmented, asymptomatic lesions over the chest and a raised erythematous lesion over the face. Upon clinical observation, the patient displayed multiple erythematous macules and erythematous papules over the bilateral malar area of the face, along with multiple hypopigmented scaly macules present on the chest and back. Based on the above clinical findings, a diagnosis of PV and Acne vulgaris (AV) was made. Interestingly, the patient was immunocompetent and didn’t have any comorbidities. Upon isolation of skin scrapings and post-culturing, we found the existence of three fungal genera in the same region of the patient’s body. We further went on to confirm the identity of the particular species and found it to represent Malassezia, Rhodotorula , and Candida . We report how Malassezia , the predominant microbial resident skin fungus, coexists with other fungal members of the skin mycobiome. This study on an applied aspect of microbiology also shows how important it is to identify the fungal organism associated with skin infections so that appropriate therapeutics can be advised to avoid cases of relapse. Keywords: Fungal coexistence, Acne vulgaris, Pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia , Rhodotorula , Candida , Recurring fungal infection, Antifungals, Personalized medicine, Mycobiome

CITATION EXPORT

Bharati Naik, Jayaprakash Sasikumar, Vishal B et al.. Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula. AMB Express. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01674-8

AUTHORS

4 · 2 CENTRES

Bharati Naik, Jayaprakash Sasikumar, Vishal B, Shankar Prasad Das

1Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
2Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DVL), Yenepoya Medical College Hospital (YMCH), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018 India