Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA

European Journal of Nutrition · 19 authors, 9 centres

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TL;DR

Differences in blood bacterial DNA profiles were also observed according to garlic consumption levels.

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This case–control study recruited 300 participants (100 CRC cases, 100 intestinal adenoma patients, and 100 healthy controls) from two university hospitals in Milan, Italy, between 2017 and 2019. Dietary garlic consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Exploratory analyses of blood bacterial DNA using 16S rRNA gene profiling found that medium/high garlic consumption was associated with increased prevalence of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family, and Rhodococcus genus, and decreased prevalence of Finegoldia genus and Patescibacteria phylum. No significant differences were found for 16S rRNA gene copies or alpha-diversity indices.

STUDY TYPE

case-control

SPECIALTY

oncology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10349700

Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA

European Journal of Nutrition

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ABSTRACT

Purpose Garlic consumption has been inversely associated to intestinal adenoma (IA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, although evidence is not consistent. Gut microbiota has been implied in CRC pathogenesis and is also influenced by garlic consumption. We analyzed whether dietary garlic influence CRC risk and bacterial DNA in blood. Methods We conducted a case–control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases, 100 IA and 100 healthy controls matched by center, sex and age. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits and garlic consumption. Blood bacterial DNA profile was estimated using qPCR and16S rRNA gene profiling. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IA and CRC according to garlic consumption from multiple conditional logistic regression. We used Mann–Whitney and chi-square tests to evaluate taxa differences in abundance and prevalence. Results The OR of CRC for medium/high versus low/null garlic consumption was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11–0.66). Differences in garlic consumption were found for selected blood bacterial taxa. Medium/high garlic consumption was associated to an increase of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family and Rhodococcus genus, and to a decrease of Family XI and Finegoldia genus. Conclusions The study adds data on the protective effect of dietary garlic on CRC risk. Moreover, it supports evidence of a translocation of bacterial material to bloodstream and corroborates the hypothesis of a diet-microbiota axis as a mechanism behind the role of garlic in CRC prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-023-03110-2.

CITATION EXPORT

Michela Carola Speciani, Giorgio Gargari, Roberto Penagini et al.. Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA. European Journal of Nutrition. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03110-2

AUTHORS

19 · 9 CENTRES

Michela Carola Speciani, Giorgio Gargari, Roberto Penagini, Massimiliano Mutignani, Monica Ferraroni, Arianna Natale, Michail Katsoulis, Marcello Cintolo, Pierfrancesco Leone, Aldo Airoldi, Maurizio Vecchi, Rossella Bonzi, Clorinda Ciafardini, Barbara Oreggia, Pietro Carnevali, Simone Guglielmetti, Patrizia Riso, Carlo La Vecchia, Marta Rossi

1grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
2grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
3grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
4grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
5Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
6grid.83440.3b0000000121901201MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK
7grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
8Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
9Division of Minimally-Invasive Surgical Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy