SEARCHCOHORTpublic health, epidemiology

cohort·public health, epidemiology, nutrition, pediatrics, family medicine·PMC10446099

Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island

Open Research Europe · 14 authors, 10 centres

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TL;DR

Family farming made only a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles, with adult obesity driven by diet and childhood overweight/obesity associated with parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

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Data were collected using individual food frequency questionnaires, seven-day continuous tri-axial accelerometry, and anthropometric measurements with a bio-impedance device; a household-level family farming questionnaire captured production, exchange, sale, and consumption of food. Multinomial and logistic regression analyses were used. The central finding was that family farming production contributed only modestly to diet and active lifestyles. In adults, obesity drivers were linked to diet, while in children, parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated with being overweight and obesity. These differences suggest an intergenerational transition in cultural practices. Limitations include a small sample limiting generalizability to the broader Pacific Islands region, inability to adjust household production and consumption data by adult-to-child composition ratio, and the inability of accelerometry to distinguish time specifically devoted to family farming tasks from other daily activities.

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cohort

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public health

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10446099

Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island

Open Research Europe

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ABSTRACT

In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. A family farming questionnaire was conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to being overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.

CITATION EXPORT

Olivier Galy, Stéphane Frayon, Marco Goldin et al.. Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island. Open Research Europe. (2022). https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13705.2

AUTHORS

14 · 10 CENTRES

Olivier Galy, Stéphane Frayon, Marco Goldin, Paul Zongo, Guillaume Wattelez, Sonny Lameta, Alan Quartermain, Jean Marie Fotsing, Séverine Bouard, Louisa Peralta, Marta Plichta, olivier Galy, Louisa Peralta, olivier Galy

1Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
2TERAU: Territoires, acteurs et usages, Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Pouembout, New Caledonia
3School of Agriculture and Food Technology, The University South Pacific, Samoa Campus, Fiji
4School of Science & Technology, The University of Goroka, Goroka, 1078, Papua New Guinea
5ISEA, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia, 98800, New Caledonia
1School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
1Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
university of new caledonia, New Caledonia
1School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
university of new caledonia, New Caledonia