Genomic Landscape of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A from a Long-Term Patient

Biology · 10 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

This study performed whole-genome sequencing on a single multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate from a patient's faecal sample to characterize its genetic profile.

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The central result was the identification of a complex genomic landscape containing multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (e.g., for tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolones) and mobile genetic elements, alongside a suite of virulence factors associated with adherence, biofilm formation, and immune evasion. Specific mutations in the 23S rRNA, gyrA, and parC genes were also detected. The findings underscore the genomic capacity for multidrug resistance and virulence in this pathogenic strain, emphasizing the need for surveillance and diagnostic development.

STUDY TYPE

other

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infectious disease

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10604365

Genomic Landscape of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A from a Long-Term Patient

Biology

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Simple Summary A highly virulent, multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A strain was found in a Saudi Arabian hospital. The strain carries antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, making it resistant to various antibiotics. It also carries virulence factors associated with adherence, biofilm formation, and spreading multidrug resistance. The study highlights the importance of monitoring multidrug-resistant E. faecalis colonization and infection in hospitalized patients, as it is a serious pathogen. Abstract We report on a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A that was found colonizing a long-term male patient at a tertiary hospital in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The E. faecalis IRMC827A strain carries several antimicrobial drug resistance genes and harbours mobile genetic elements such as Tn6009, which is an integrative conjugative element that can transfer resistance genes between bacteria and ISS1N via an insertion sequence. Whole-genome-sequencing-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing on strains from faecal samples revealed that the isolate E. faecalis IRMC827A is highly resistant to a variety of antibiotics, including tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, dalfopristin, virginiamycin, pristinamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. The isolate IRMC827A carries several virulence factors that are significantly associated with adherence, biofilm formation, sortase-assembled pili, manganese uptake, antiphagocytosis, and spreading factor of multidrug resistance. The isolate also encompasses two mutations (G2576T and G2505A) in the 23S rRNA gene associated with linezolid resistance and three more mutations ( gyrA p.S83Y, gyrA p.D759N and parC p.S80I) of the antimicrobial resistance phenotype. The findings through next-generation sequencing on the resistome, mobilome and virulome of the isolate in the study highlight the significance of monitoring multidrug-resistant E. faecalis colonization and infection in hospitalized patients. As multidrug-resistant E. faecalis is a serious pathogen, it is particularly difficult to treat and can cause fatal infections. It is important to have quick and accurate diagnostic tests for multidrug-resistant E. faecalis , to track the spread of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis in healthcare settings, and to improve targeted interventions to stop its spread. Further research is necessary to develop novel antibiotics and treatment strategies for multidrug-resistant E. faecalis infections. Keywords: Enterococcus , pathogen, Saudi Arabia, multidrug-resistant, mobile genetic element, genome mapping, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence, resistant mutation

CITATION EXPORT

J Francis Borgio, Reem AlJindan, Lujeen H Alghourab et al.. Genomic Landscape of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A from a Long-Term Patient. Biology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12101296

AUTHORS

10 · 6 CENTRES

J Francis Borgio, Reem AlJindan, Lujeen H Alghourab, Rahaf Alquwaie, Razan Aldahhan, Norah F Alhur, Doaa M AlEraky, Nehal Mahmoud, Noor B Almandil, Sayed AbdulAzeez

1Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (J.F.B.); [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (N.F.A.)
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
3Summer Research Program, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
4Master Program of Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
5Department of Biomedical Dental Science, Microbiology and Immunology Division, Collage of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
6Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]