SEARCHCOHORTobstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology

cohort·obstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology, biomedical research, preclinical research, nutrition·PMC10086485

Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis

Gut · 33 authors, 19 centres

AI SUMMARY

FIDELITY 100%

POPULATION394 pregnant women during the first trimester

INTERVENTIONProfiling of gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition, and clinical records; machine learning model for prediction; fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) experiments in animal models

COMPARISONWomen who later developed GDM vs. those who did not

This summary was generated by AI from a single paper. It has not been reviewed by a clinician and is not clinical advice. Verify against the source before acting on it.

AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

TRACE TO SOURCE

“

TL;DR

This prospective cohort study of 394 women found that first-trimester gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and clinical data can predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) onset, with fecal microbiota transplant experiments in animal models suggesting a causal link between early microbial dysbiosis and inflammation-driven GDM pathogenesis.

Full summary

752 CHARS

The study prospectively profiled the first-trimester gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition, and clinical data of 394 women to identify predictive markers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Results showed that women who later developed GDM had elevated proinflammatory cytokines, decreased fecal short-chain fatty acids, and an altered microbiome in the first trimester. Fecal microbiota transplant experiments using these first-trimester samples in animal models demonstrated that the microbial differences drove inflammation and insulin resistance more than 10 weeks before typical GDM diagnosis. A machine learning model incorporating clinical, microbial, and inflammatory markers predicted GDM onset with high accuracy.

PICO

PPOPULATION

394 pregnant women during the first trimester

IINTERVENTION

Profiling of gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition, and clinical records; machine learning model for prediction; fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) experiments in animal models

OOUTCOME

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis; markers of inflammation and insulin resistance

STUDY TYPE

cohort

SPECIALTY

obstetrics and gynecology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

FIDELITY CHECK

100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10086485

Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis

Gut

READ THE FULL PAPER

ABSTRACT

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which women without diabetes are diagnosed with glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. Early diagnosis, along with a better understanding of its pathophysiology during the first trimester of pregnancy, may be effective in reducing incidence and associated short-term and long-term morbidities. Design We comprehensively profiled the gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition and clinical records of 394 women during the first trimester of pregnancy, before GDM diagnosis. We then built a model that can predict GDM onset weeks before it is typically diagnosed. Further, we demonstrated the role of the microbiome in disease using faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) of first trimester samples from pregnant women across three unique cohorts. Results We found elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women who later developed GDM, decreased faecal short-chain fatty acids and altered microbiome. We next confirmed that differences in GDM-associated microbial composition during the first trimester drove inflammation and insulin resistance more than 10 weeks prior to GDM diagnosis using FMT experiments. Following these observations, we used a machine learning approach to predict GDM based on first trimester clinical, microbial and inflammatory markers with high accuracy. Conclusion GDM onset can be identified in the first trimester of pregnancy, earlier than currently accepted. Furthermore, the gut microbiome appears to play a role in inflammation-induced GDM pathogenesis, with interleukin-6 as a potential contributor to pathogenesis. Potential GDM markers, including microbiota, can serve as targets for early diagnostics and therapeutic intervention leading to prevention.

CITATION EXPORT

Yishay Pinto, Sigal Frishman, Sondra Turjeman et al.. Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis. Gut. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328406

AUTHORS

33 · 19 CENTRES

Yishay Pinto, Sigal Frishman, Sondra Turjeman, Adi Eshel, Meital Nuriel-Ohayon, Oshrit Shrossel, Oren Ziv, William Walters, Julie Parsonnet, Catherine Ley, Elizabeth L Johnson, Krithika Kumar, Ron Schweitzer, Soliman Khatib, Faiga Magzal, Efrat Muller, Snait Tamir, Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish, Samuli Rautava, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri, Or Yariv, Yoav Peled, Eran Poran, Joseph Pardo, Rony Chen, Moshe Hod, Elhanan Borenstein, Ruth E Ley, Betty Schwartz, Yoram Louzoun, Eran Hadar, Omry Koren

1 Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
2 Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
3 Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
4 Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
5 Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen, Germany
6 Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
7 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
8 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
9 Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
10 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
11 Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, Migal-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
12 Nutritional Science Department, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
13 The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
14 Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
15 University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
16 Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
17 Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
18 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
19 Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA