SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALepidemiology, public health

cross-sectional·epidemiology, public health, pulmonology, family medicine, observational study·PMC10277042

Health risk assessment of indoor air quality, sociodemographic and kitchen characteristics on respiratory health among women responsible for cooking in urban settings of Oromia region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open · 3 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

This community-based cross-sectional study of 420 women in urban Ethiopia found that 34.9% reported respiratory symptoms, with significant associations found with kitchen characteristics like unimproved floors, soot deposits, traditional stoves, and wood fuel use.

Full summary

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This community-based cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among 420 randomly selected women responsible for cooking in Mattu and Bedele towns, Ethiopia. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 34.9% (95% CI 30.6% to 39.4%). Multivariable logistic regression identified several kitchen and practice characteristics significantly associated with increased odds of symptoms: unimproved floor (AOR=2.4), thick black soot on the ceiling (AOR=2.1), use of fuel wood (AOR=2.3), use of a traditional stove (AOR=3.37), long cooking duration (AOR=2.52), and cooking in a room without a window (AOR=2.4). Limitations include the cross-sectional design, which cannot establish causality, reliance on self-reported data, and the lack of objective indoor air pollution measurements. The findings suggest that modifiable kitchen characteristics and fuel/stove type are linked to respiratory health in this population.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

epidemiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10277042

Health risk assessment of indoor air quality, sociodemographic and kitchen characteristics on respiratory health among women responsible for cooking in urban settings of Oromia region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives In Ethiopia, where biomass fuel is used by the majority of the population, women who are primarily responsible for cooking are at a higher risk of having respiratory symptoms. However, there is limited information on the respiratory symptoms of exposed women. This study assessed the magnitude of respiratory disease symptoms and associated factors among women responsible for cooking in Mattu and Bedele towns, south-west Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 randomly selected women in urban settings in south-west Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a modified version of the American Thoracic Society Respiratory Questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded and entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported into SPSS V.22 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with respiratory symptoms at a value of p<0.05. Results It is found that 34.9% of the study participants have respiratory symptoms (95% CI 30.6% to 39.4%). Unimproved floor (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.4 at 95% CI 1.42 to 4.15), presence of thick black soot in the ceiling (AOR=2.1 at 95% CI 1.2 to 3.6), using fuel wood (AOR=2.3 at 95% CI 1.1 to 4.7), using a traditional stove (AOR=3.37 at 95% CI 1.85 to 6.16), long duration of cooking (AOR=2.52 at 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5) and cooking room without a window (AOR=2.4 at 95% CI 1.5 to 3.9) were significantly associated with women’s respiratory symptoms. Conclusion More than two in six women who cook had respiratory symptoms. Floor, fuel and stove type, soot deposits in the ceiling, duration of cooking and cooking in a room without a window were the identified factors. Appropriate ventilation, improved floor and stove design and the switch to high-efficiency, low-emission fuels could help to lessen the effects of wood smoke on women’s respiratory health. Keywords: epidemiology, public health, respiratory medicine (see thoracic medicine)

CITATION EXPORT

Asrat Zewdie, Gutama Haile Degefa, Dereje Oljira Donacho. Health risk assessment of indoor air quality, sociodemographic and kitchen characteristics on respiratory health among women responsible for cooking in urban settings of Oromia region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067678

AUTHORS

3 · 3 CENTRES

Asrat Zewdie, Gutama Haile Degefa, Dereje Oljira Donacho

1Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Mattu, Oromia region, Ethiopia
2Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
3Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Mattu, Oromia region, Ethiopia