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cohort·oncology, gastroenterology, epidemiology, nutrition, public health·PMC10054787

Healthy Diet, Polygenic Risk Score, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank

Nutrients · 4 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

Individuals with high genetic risk who adopted a healthy diet showed a decreased absolute five-year incidence risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

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Upper gastrointestinal cancer outcomes were ascertained through national cancer registries of England, Wales, and Scotland. The study found that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Across genetic risk groups, individuals with high genetic risk and an unhealthy dietary pattern were at a greater risk compared to those with low genetic risk and a healthy dietary pattern. Within the high genetic risk group, adopting a healthy diet reduced the absolute five-year incidence risk from 0.16% to 0.10%. Key limitations include restriction to participants of European descent, reliance on self-reported dietary recall, inability to adjust for total energy intake, and assessment of covariates only at baseline.

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cohort

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oncology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10054787

Healthy Diet, Polygenic Risk Score, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank

Nutrients

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Dietary and genetic factors are considered to be associated with UGI cancer risk. However, examinations of the effect of healthy diet on UGI cancer risk and the extent to which healthy diet modifies the impact of genetic susceptibility on UGI cancer remains limited. Associations were analyzed through Cox regression of the UK Biobank data ( n = 415,589). Healthy diet, based on “healthy diet score,” was determined according to fruit, vegetables, grains, fish, and meat consumption. We compared adherence to healthy diet and the risk of UGI cancer. We also constructed a UGI polygenic risk score (UGI-PRS) to assess the combined effect of genetic risk and healthy diet. For the results high adherence to healthy diet reduced 24% UGI cancer risk (HR high-quality diet : 0.76 (0.62–0.93), p = 0.009). A combined effect of high genetic risk and unhealthy diet on UGI cancer risk was observed, with HR reaching 1.60 (1.20–2.13, p = 0.001). Among participants with high genetic risk, the absolute five-year incidence risk of UGI cancer was significantly reduced, from 0.16% to 0.10%, by having a healthy diet. In summary, healthy diet decreased UGI cancer risk, and individuals with high genetic risk can attenuate UGI cancer risk by adopting a healthy diet. Keywords: UGI cancer, dietary pattern, polygenic risk score, prospective cohort, UK Biobank

CITATION EXPORT

Wenmin Liu, Tianpei Wang, Meng Zhu et al.. Healthy Diet, Polygenic Risk Score, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank. Nutrients. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061344

AUTHORS

4 · 3 CENTRES

Wenmin Liu, Tianpei Wang, Meng Zhu, Guangfu Jin

1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
2Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
3Public Health Institute of Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China