Hiding in Plain Sight: Benefit of Abrasion and Laceration Swabs in Identification of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Colonisation in Military Personnel

Cureus · 3 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

This outbreak investigation in a Royal Marines recruit troop found that swabbing abrasions and lacerations significantly improved the identification of PVL-MRSA colonisation compared to nasal swabs alone. A combined strategy of enhanced screening, a 10-day decolonisation regimen, and infection control measures successfully contained the outbreak.

Full summary

336 CHARS

The outbreak was contained within the single troop. Limitations include the observational, single-troop design and the unavoidable movement of personnel during the outbreak. The findings suggest that in populations with frequent skin trauma, swabbing wounds is a beneficial addition to nasal screening for identifying MRSA colonisation.

STUDY TYPE

other

SPECIALTY

infectious disease

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10290507

Hiding in Plain Sight: Benefit of Abrasion and Laceration Swabs in Identification of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Colonisation in Military Personnel

Cureus

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ABSTRACT

Background Outbreaks of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a recurrent challenge for the Royal Marines at the Commando Training Centre (CTCRM). The intensity of commando training, its impact on skin integrity, and persistent colonisation reservoirs within the training centre have thwarted attempts to prevent these outbreaks. Aim To present an outbreak of PVL-producing MRSA SSTIs at a military training centre, demonstrating the benefit of additional abrasion and laceration swabs on the identification of colonised personnel and showing the effectiveness of a 10-day decolonisation regime. Method Following the identification of the outbreak of PVL-producing MRSA, all 36 members of the Recruit Troop underwent nasal MRSA screening to identify MRSA carriers. The screening was repeated on day 16 after completing an enhanced 10-day decolonisation regime. A third screening was conducted on the 110th day after a second peak of infection was identified. Various infection control measures, such as enhanced cleaning, restriction of movement and adjustments to the military training serials, were introduced to prevent further spread through the training centre. Results In this outbreak, two-thirds (eighteen) of the Recruit Troop suffered MRSA-PVL skin infections requiring antibiotic therapy and three required hospital admission for surgical management of their abscesses. The outbreak lasted 130 days, with two spikes in infections 10 weeks apart. The outbreak was successfully confined to one troop. Conclusion With concerns about low identification rates of carriers using nasal screening for MRSA, in this outbreak, we improved the identification of asymptomatic carriage with the simple step of additional culture swabs for all cuts and abrasions. Improved identification of colonised recruits, along with an enhanced decolonisation regime and rigid infection control practices, prevented the further spread of the clone through the training centre. In a population with constant ongoing skin trauma, such as the military, contact sport athletes and iIV drug users, our results show that a culture of suitable abrasions/lacerations will improve the identification of MRSA colonisation compared with nasal swabs alone. Despite ongoing skin trauma and the logistical difficulties in delivering effective decolonisation during military training, decolonisation was successful in 79% of recruits after one decolonisation and 87% after the second 10-day decolonisation.

CITATION EXPORT

Andy Matheson, Ross Hemingway, Marina Morgan. Hiding in Plain Sight: Benefit of Abrasion and Laceration Swabs in Identification of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Colonisation in Military Personnel. Cureus. (2023). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39487

AUTHORS

3 · 3 CENTRES

Andy Matheson, Ross Hemingway, Marina Morgan

1 Commando Training Centre Royal Marines, Ministry of Defence, Lympstone, GBR
2 Health Centre, His Majesty's Prison (HMP) Leeds, Leeds, GBR
3 Microbiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, GBR

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Alexander Muacevic, John R Adler