SEARCHCOHORTendocrinology, cardiology

cohort·endocrinology, cardiology, epidemiology, internal medicine, public health·PMC10151943

Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · 12 authors, 11 centres

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Women with hypertension were as likely as men to achieve BP targets but less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

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Women with hypertension were as likely as men to achieve BP targets but less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

STUDY TYPE

cohort

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endocrinology

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10151943

Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), conferring a greater relative risk in women than men. We sought to examine sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and management in the contemporary cohort represented by the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Research design and methods GRADE enrolled 5047 participants (1837 women, 3210 men) with T2DM on metformin monotherapy at baseline. The current report is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected July 2013 to August 2017. Results Compared with men, women had a higher mean body mass index (BMI), greater prevalence of severe obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m 2 ), higher mean LDL cholesterol, greater prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, and were less likely to receive statin treatment and achieve target LDL, with a generally greater prevalence of these risk factors in younger women. Women with hypertension were equally likely to achieve blood pressure targets as men; however, women were less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Women were more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and had fewer years of education and lower incomes. Conclusions This contemporary cohort demonstrates that women with T2DM continue to have a greater burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors than men, particularly younger women. Attention to these persisting disparities is needed to reduce the burden of CVD in women. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01794143 ) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Risk Factors; Women's Health

CITATION EXPORT

Barbara I Gulanski, Nicole M Butera, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf et al.. Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003159

AUTHORS

12 · 11 CENTRES

Barbara I Gulanski, Nicole M Butera, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Judith H Lichtman, Tasma Harindhanavudhi, Jennifer B Green, Colleen E Suratt, Hiba AbouAssi, Cyrus Desouza, Andrew J Ahmann, Deborah J Wexler, Vanita R Aroda

1 Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
2 Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
3 The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
4 Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
5 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
6 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
7 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
8 Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
9 Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
10 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
11 MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA