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TL;DR
The authors highlight cross-talk between the two hormonal pathways via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, and note that dysregulation of either pathway is implicated in multiple metabolic diseases.
Clinical Science (London, England : 1979) · 2 authors, 2 centres
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The authors highlight cross-talk between the two hormonal pathways via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, and note that dysregulation of either pathway is implicated in multiple metabolic diseases.
The review describes canonical and non-canonical insulin signaling pathways, including IRS-PI3K-PDK1-Akt and IRS-PI3K-PDPK1-aPKCλ, and their roles in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis via FoxO transcription factors and PGC1α. Estrogen signaling is discussed through its receptors ERα, ERβ, and GPER, which modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, and epigenetic programming. A central theme is the cross-talk between insulin and estrogen signaling via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, including E2-ERα transcriptional promotion of Sirt1 expression. The authors note that the FoxOs-Sestrins-mTOR cascade's role in cellular metabolism remains largely unknown, and that mechanisms of E2-ERα activation of PI3K-Akt-FoxOs require further investigation.