SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWbiomedical research, preclinical research

narrative_review·biomedical research, preclinical research, surgery, research methods·PMC10048566

Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology

Gels · 4 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

The review identifies key challenges including mechanical strength limitations, sterility concerns, and the need for improved bioprinting resolution and vascularization.

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The review identifies critical limitations: synthetic hydrogels lack cell-specific bioactivities such as cell adhesion and biodegradation; mechanical strength (compressive, tensile, shear thinning) remains insufficient for clinical applications; and sterility throughout the manufacturing process is unresolved. For bioprinting tissues, vascularization beyond 100–200 micrometers diffusion limits remains a major barrier. The authors conclude that while hydrogels show promise for biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, further development of precursor materials, crosslinking mechanisms, and printing parameters is needed for clinical translation.

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narrative_review

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biomedical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10048566

Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology

Gels

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Hydrogels are a promising material for a variety of applications after appropriate functional and structural design, which alters the physicochemical properties and cell signaling pathways of the hydrogels. Over the past few decades, considerable scientific research has made breakthroughs in a variety of applications such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, biosensors, bioseparation, defense, and cosmetics. In the present review, different classifications of hydrogels and their limitations have been discussed. In addition, techniques involved in improving the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of hydrogels by admixing various organic and inorganic materials are explored. Future 3D printing technology will substantially advance the ability to pattern molecules, cells, and organs. With significant potential for producing living tissue structures or organs, hydrogels can successfully print mammalian cells and retain their functionalities. Furthermore, recent advances in functional hydrogels such as photo- and pH-responsive hydrogels and drug-delivery hydrogels are discussed in detail for biomedical applications. Keywords: polymer hydrogels, wound dressing, regenerative medicine, pH-sensitive hydrogel, thermo-sensitive hydrogel

CITATION EXPORT

Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj, Dilip Kumar Shanmugam, Arish Dasan et al.. Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology. Gels. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260

AUTHORS

4 · 2 CENTRES

Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj, Dilip Kumar Shanmugam, Arish Dasan, Kamalan Kirubaharan Amirtharaj Mosas

1Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
2FunGlass—Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalised Glass, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, 91150 Trencin, Slovakia