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TL;DR
This prospective case-cohort study found that both very low and very high circulating IGF-1 levels were associated with increased mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes, with the relationship being U-shaped.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 5 authors, 5 centres
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This prospective case-cohort study found that both very low and very high circulating IGF-1 levels were associated with increased mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes, with the relationship being U-shaped.
It examined associations with cancer incidence, cardiovascular disease incidence, and mortality. The central finding was a U-shaped relationship between IGF-1 levels and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes, meaning individuals in the lowest and highest IGF-1 quintiles had higher hazard ratios. Higher IGF-1 was also associated with increased breast and prostate cancer incidence. Analyses accounting for liver function, using enzymes as markers, suggested that low IGF-1-related mortality risk was more pronounced in those with liver dysfunction but persisted even after excluding participants with elevated liver enzymes. Limitations include the use of total IGF-1 as a surrogate for its free form and potential unmeasured confounders.